Question 1

Which statement about the difference between a 4-year-old and a 9-year-old is accurate?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement about the difference between a...

Question 2

Vygotsky argued that playing with peers, watching television, and eating with one's family all provide _____ to a 6-year-old child.

Accepted Answer

Vygotsky believed that children learn through social interaction and that various activities, such as playing with peers, watching television, and eating with one's family, provide opportunities for instruction and learning.

Question 3

Dr. Holiday is doing a study to determine how 9-year-olds think. Based on theory, he believes that 9-year-olds should be able to reason logically about concrete situations-situations that are real, tangible, and visible. Dr. Holiday's belief is based on _____.

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the importance of concrete operational thinking during the developmental stage of middle childhood, which occurs around 7-11 years old. This stage is characterized by the ability to reason logically about tangible, concrete situations. Dr. Holiday's belief aligns with this theory, as he expects 9-year-olds to have developed this type of thinking ability.

Question 4

The knowledge that things can be arranged in a logical sequence is the logical principle of _____.

Accepted Answer

The logical principle of seriation refers to the ability to arrange items in a logical order based on a specific criterion, such as size or weight. This ability typically emerges in children between the ages of 4 and 7.

Question 5

When capable of concrete operational thought, children _____.

Accepted Answer

When capable of concrete operational thought, children can apply logical reasoning to real, tangible situations.

Question 6

According to Piaget, which ability do children gain during middle childhood?

Accepted Answer

During middle childhood, children develop the ability to think logically about concrete events, which is a key aspect of Piaget's concrete operational stage.

Question 7

Seven-year-old Hannah can arrange 10 buttons in order from smallest to largest. Her understanding of _____ allows her to accomplish this.

Accepted Answer

Seriation is the ability to arrange objects in a series or sequence according to size, shape, or any other characteristic. In this case, Hannah is able to arrange the buttons in order of size, indicating her understanding of seriation.

Question 8

In one international study of the effects of early formal instruction, it was found that children who started school at age 4 or 5 instead of age 6 or 7 tended to _____.

Accepted Answer

The study found that children who started school at age 4 or 5 tended to be ahead of their peers in academic achievement.

Question 9

According to Vygotsky's sociocultural framework, every experience after _____ teaches individuals something.

Accepted Answer

According to Vygotsky's sociocultural framework, every experience after birth teaches individuals something. This is because Vygotsky believed that learning and development are socially and culturally constructed and are shaped by the interactions and experiences individuals have with others in their environment. Therefore, from the moment of birth, infants begin to learn and develop through their interactions with the people and objects around them.

Question 10

A child is shown a large box and a small box. The large box contains a 5-pound weight, and the small box contains a 10-pound weight. The child picks up the boxes and looks at them closely and then is asked which one weighs more. The child is no longer focused only on appearances, so he answers that the small box weighs more. Piaget would say that this child is in the _____ stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

In the concrete operational stage, children develop the ability to think logically about concrete events and objects. They are no longer limited to appearances and can take into consideration multiple variables to solve problems. The child in this scenario is able to understand that weight is not solely determined by the size of the box but also by the weight of the object inside.

Question 11

Dr. Smith is conducting a study to determine what 9-year-olds know. Based on theory, he believes that 9-year-olds will advance in knowledge as a result of direct instruction. Dr. Smith's belief is based on _____.

Accepted Answer

Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the importance of social interactions and direct instruction in promoting cognitive development, which aligns with Dr. Smith's belief that direct instruction will advance 9-year-olds' knowledge.

Question 12

With respect to sociocultural context, children from the Varanasi region in India learn what specific ability from their culture?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that children from the Varanasi region in India, who come from a culture that highly values spatial orientation and navigation, have superior spatial skills compared to children from other cultures. This suggests that they learn and develop these abilities through their sociocultural context.

Question 13

With concrete operational thought, children can _____.

Accepted Answer

Concrete operational thought allows children to think logically about visible, tangible things, such as physical objects and their properties. It does not necessarily mean that they consistently make good decisions or can solve most problems on their own, nor does it necessarily extend to abstract ideas.

Question 14

Nine-year-old Pete sorted screws, bolts, and nails into three piles by type. He is able to correctly sort the objects into separate piles because of the logical principle of _____.

Accepted Answer

Classification refers to the ability to group objects based on shared characteristics or properties, which is what Pete is doing by sorting screws, bolts, and nails into separate piles. Conservation refers to the awareness that a quantity remains the same despite changes in shape or arrangement. Seriation refers to the ability to arrange objects in an order based on a quantitative dimension, such as size or length. Reversibility refers to the understanding that actions can be reversed or undone.

Question 15

The logical principle that allows objects to be grouped according to some characteristic that they share is called _____.

Accepted Answer

Classification is the logical principle that allows objects to be grouped according to some characteristic that they share. Concrete thought refers to thinking about objects and events that are physically present. Transitive inference is the ability to deduce the relationship between two objects by knowing the relationship between each object and a third object. Reversibility is the ability to mentally reverse a sequence of events or the thought process that led to an answer.

Question 16

According to Piaget, a child between the ages of 6 and 11 can apply logical principles to _____.

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children aged 6-11 are in the concrete operational stage, during which they are able to apply logical principles to concrete situations that are real, tangible, and visible. They are not yet able to think abstractly about concepts such as truth and liberty or questions of social justice and equality. They also have not yet developed the ability to reason about more complex scientific concepts, such as those found in chemistry or physics.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

School-age children transition from preoperational to concrete operational thought, which is a gradual process rather than a sudden shift.

Question 18

Vygotsky viewed _____ as being crucial to children's development of skills and knowledge.

Accepted Answer

Vygotsky believed that instruction, particularly from more knowledgeable others, was essential to a child's development of skills and knowledge. He emphasized the importance of the zone of proximal development, where a child is able to perform a difficult task with guidance and support from a more knowledgeable person. This scaffolding helps the child to eventually internalize the knowledge and become more independent.

Question 19

Piaget believed that in middle childhood, children are in the cognitive period of _____ thought.

Accepted Answer

Piaget believed that in middle childhood, children are in the cognitive period of concrete operational thought, which is characterized by the ability to think logically and concretely about concrete objects and events. Children in this stage also demonstrate conservation, classification, and seriation abilities. The formal operational stage, which is characterized by abstract thinking and hypothetical reasoning, typically begins around age 12.

Question 20

The information-processing theory was inspired by the knowledge of how _____ function.

Accepted Answer

The information-processing theory is based on the idea that the brain processes information in a way that is similar to how a computer processes information. Thus, the theory was inspired by knowledge of how computers function.

Quiz 12: Middle Childhood: Cognitive Development