Question 1

Match the term in the right column with its correct description in the left column. Options will be used only once.​
-​Response of an individual to his or her environment
A)​attitude
B)​behavior
C)​cognitions
D)​intention
E)​self-efficacy
F)​subjective norm

Accepted Answer

Behavior is the observable response of an individual to his or her environment, encompassing actions and reactions in various situations.

Question 2

A determination to act in a particular way is called a(n) ____.
A)modified attitude
B)subjective norm
C) intention
D) expectation

Accepted Answer

An intention is a determination to act in a particular way, and is considered a key determinant of behavior in the Theory of Reasoned Action and the Theory of Planned Behavior. Modified attitude, subjective norm, and expectation can all influence intentions, but they are not the same thing as intentions themselves.

Question 3

Match the descriptions of the behavior change theories in the left column with the name of the theory in the right column. Options will be used only once.​
-​Focuses on the process by which an idea or behavior spreads throughout a population
A)​health belief model
B)​social cognitive theory
C)​theory of planned behavior
D)​diffusion of innovation model
E)​transtheoretical model

Accepted Answer

The theory that focuses on the process by which an idea or behavior spreads throughout a population is the diffusion of innovation model. The health belief model focuses on individual beliefs and attitudes towards a behavior, the social cognitive theory focuses on the interaction between an individual's behavior, environment, and personal factors, the theory of planned behavior focuses on intentions and perceived control over a behavior, and the transtheoretical model focuses on stages of behavior change.

Question 4

​The dynamic interaction of the person, the behavior, and the environment in which the behavior is performed is referred to as ____.
A)​self-regulation
B)​reciprocal determinism
C) ​behavioral capability
D) ​self-efficacy

Accepted Answer

Reciprocal determinism is the concept that behavior, the person, and the environment all interact with one another in a dynamic way. It implies that people do not simply react to environmental stimuli, but that they actively seek out and create their environments to a certain extent, and their behavior in turn can influence the environment. Self-regulation, behavioral capability, and self-efficacy are all related concepts, but do not encompass the full scope of the dynamic relationship described by reciprocal determinism.

Question 5

​Understanding factors influencing women's breastfeeding practices by exploring attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral controls is an application of the ____.
A)​theory of planned behavior
B)​transtheoretical model
C) ​cognitive-behavioral theory
D) ​diffusion of innovation model

Accepted Answer

Understanding attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral controls to determine breastfeeding practices aligns with the theory of planned behavior, which suggests that behavior is influenced by these factors. While other theories may factor in, the theory of planned behavior is the most relevant in this case.

Question 6

​____ comprise the category of people that adopt an innovation readily, usually without input from significant others.
A)​Early adopters
B)​Innovators
C) ​Early majority
D) ​Laggards

Accepted Answer

Innovators are the first group of people to adopt an innovation. They are usually technologically savvy and willing to take risks with new products or services. They are self-reliant and do not typically seek input from others before adopting the innovation.

Question 7

​Self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, and self-regulation, which are three of the major constructs of the ____, were applied in the development, implementation, and evaluation of the EatFit intervention program for young teens.
A)​transtheoretical model
B)​health belief model
C) ​social-cognitive theory
D) ​theory of planned behavior

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, and self-regulation are key components of social-cognitive theory, which emphasizes the role of cognitive processes in behavior change. The other models listed (transtheoretical model, health belief model, theory of planned behavior) do not include all three of these constructs in their frameworks.

Question 8

Match the term in the right column with its correct description in the left column. Options will be used only once.​
-​Knowledge and awareness we have of our environment and the judgments we make related to it
A)​attitude
B)​behavior
C)​cognitions
D)​intention
E)​self-efficacy
F)​subjective norm

Accepted Answer

Cognitions refer to our thoughts, beliefs, and knowledge related to our environment and the judgments we make based on that information. Attitude (A) refers to our evaluative feelings towards a particular object or situation. Behavior (B) refers to the actions we take towards a particular object or situation. Intention (D) refers to our planned behavior or our readiness to perform a particular behavior. Self-efficacy (E) refers to our belief in our own ability to perform a particular behavior. Subjective norm (F) refers to our perception of social pressure to perform or not perform a particular behavior based on the expectations of others.

Question 9

​In the health belief model, a person explores the pros and cons of a behavior change in the ____ component.
A)​cue to action
B)​self-efficacy
C) ​perceived severity
D) ​perceived benefits

Accepted Answer

In the health belief model, the perceived benefits component involves weighing the potential advantages of a behavior change. It assesses how beneficial the new behavior would be in terms of avoiding negative health outcomes or achieving positive health outcomes. This component is crucial in motivating people to adopt new health behaviors.

Question 10

​In which category are opinion leaders often found?
A)​early adopters
B)​early majority
C) ​laggards
D) ​innovators

Accepted Answer

Opinion leaders are often found among early adopters. They are individuals who are influential in spreading the word about new products or services, and eager to try them out before others do.

Question 11

Match the term in the right column with its correct description in the left column. Options will be used only once.​
-​Perceived social pressure to perform or not perform a behavior
A)​attitude
B)​behavior
C)​cognitions
D)​intention
E)​self-efficacy
F)​subjective norm

Accepted Answer

Subjective norm refers to the perceived social pressure to perform or not perform a behavior, taking into account the opinions and expectations of important others.

Answer: A
 Attitude refers to a person's overall evaluation of a particular behavior or object, which can be positive, negative, or neutral.

Answer: B
 Behavior refers to the actions taken by an individual, which can be influenced by their attitudes, subjective norms, and self-efficacy.

Answer: D
 Intention refers to a person's readiness to perform a behavior, which is influenced by their attitudes, subjective norms, and self-efficacy.

Answer: E
 Self-efficacy refers to a person's belief in their ability to successfully perform a specific behavior or task, which can be influenced by their past experiences and perceived level of control over the situation.

Answer: C
 Cognitions refer to the mental processes involved in thinking, including perception, reasoning, and memory, which can influence a person's attitudes, subjective norms, and self-efficacy.

Question 12

​The process of testing and assessing certain elements of a program before it is implemented fully is called ____ evaluation.
A)​outcome
B)​input
C) ​formative
D) ​strategic

Accepted Answer

The process of testing and assessing certain elements of a program before it is implemented fully is called formative evaluation. This type of evaluation is ongoing and is aimed at improving the program as it is being developed. Outcome evaluation is done after the program has been implemented to evaluate its effectiveness. Input evaluation is focused on the resources required for a program. Strategic evaluation is a higher-level evaluation aimed at assessing the overall effectiveness and impact of a program.

Question 13

Match the term in the right column with its correct description in the left column. Options will be used only once.​
-​Belief that one can make a behavior changeA determination to act in a certain way
A)​attitude
B)​behavior
C)​cognitions
D)​intention
E)​self-efficacy
F)​subjective norm

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy is the belief that one can make a behavior change, which is not the same as attitude (A), behavior (B), cognitions (C), intention (D), or subjective norm (F).

Question 14

Match the descriptions of the behavior change theories in the left column with the name of the theory in the right column. Options will be used only once.​
-​Proposes that before adopting a new health behavior an individual considers his vulnerability to the problem, the seriousness of the problem, and the effectiveness of the new behavior for reducing the risk or preventing the problem
A)​health belief model
B)​social cognitive theory
C)​theory of planned behavior
D)​diffusion of innovation model
E)​transtheoretical model

Accepted Answer

The behavior change theory that proposes that before adopting a new health behavior an individual considers his vulnerability to the problem, the seriousness of the problem, and the effectiveness of the new behavior for reducing the risk or preventing the problem is the Health Belief Model.

Question 15

​According to the diffusion of innovation model, when an individual is aware of an innovation and has acquired some information about it, he or she is in the ____ stage.
A)​knowledge
B)​persuasion
C) ​decision
D) ​confirmation

Accepted Answer

In the diffusion of innovation model, the first stage is "knowledge" where an individual becomes aware of the innovation and gains some basic information about it. This is followed by the "persuasion" stage where the individual forms a favorable or unfavorable attitude towards the innovation, then the "decision" stage where the individual decides to adopt or reject the innovation, and finally the "confirmation" stage where the individual seeks reinforcement and continues to use or discontinue use of the innovation.

Question 16

​Incentive programs and specific how-to education are part of the ____ component of the health belief model.
A)​perceived benefits
B)​perceived susceptibility
C) ​cues to action
D) ​self-efficacy

Accepted Answer

Incentive programs and specific how-to education are examples of cues to action, which is one of the components of the Health Belief Model. Cues to action are strategies that prompt individuals to take action towards a health behavior change. Perceived benefits and perceived susceptibility relate to an individual's perceived threat of a health condition, and self-efficacy relates to an individual's confidence in their ability to take a specific health action.

Question 17

Match the descriptions of the behavior change theories in the left column with the name of the theory in the right column. Options will be used only once.​
-​Considers an individual's intention to change behavior to be determined by both personal attitudes and subjective norms
A)​health belief model
B)​social cognitive theory
C)​theory of planned behavior
D)​diffusion of innovation model
E)​transtheoretical model

Accepted Answer

The theory of planned behavior considers an individual's intention to change behavior to be determined by both personal attitudes and subjective norms.

Question 18

Match the descriptions of the behavior change theories in the left column with the name of the theory in the right column. Options will be used only once.​
-​Emphasizes that people and their environment interact continuously, each influencing the other
A)​health belief model
B)​social cognitive theory
C)​theory of planned behavior
D)​diffusion of innovation model
E)​transtheoretical model

Accepted Answer

The description matches with the Social Cognitive Theory, which emphasizes the continuous interaction between people and their environment, where each influences the other. The other theories have different emphases, such as individual beliefs about health (Health Belief Model), planned behavior (Theory of Planned Behavior), adoption of new ideas (Diffusion of Innovation Model), and stages of behavior change (Transtheoretical Model).

Question 19

Match the term in the right column with its correct description in the left column. Options will be used only once.​
-​Positive or negative evaluation of performing a behavior
A)​attitude
B)​behavior
C)​cognitions
D)​intention
E)​self-efficacy
F)​subjective norm

Accepted Answer

Attitude refers to the positive or negative evaluation of performing a behavior.

Answer: B
 Behavior refers to the actions taken by an individual.

Answer: C
 Cognitions refer to thoughts, beliefs, and ideas.

Answer: D
 Intention refers to an individual's plan or decision to perform a behavior.

Answer: E
 Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their ability to successfully perform a behavior.

Answer: F
 Subjective norm refers to the perceived social pressure or expectations to perform or not perform a behavior.

Question 20

Match the term in the right column with its correct description in the left column. Options will be used only once.​
-​A determination to act in a certain way
A)​attitude
B)​behavior
C)​cognitions
D)​intention
E)​self-efficacy
F)​subjective norm

Accepted Answer

Intention refers to a determination to act in a certain way, indicating a person's readiness to perform a given behavior.

Quiz 3: Understanding and Achieving Behavior Change

Match the term in the right column with its correct description in the left column. Options will be used only once. -Response of an individual to his or her environment

A determination to act in a particular way is called a(n) ____.

Match the descriptions of the behavior change theories in the left column with the name of the theory in the right column. Options will be used only once. -Focuses on the process by which an idea or behavior spreads throughout a population

The dynamic interaction of the person, the behavior, and the environment in which the behavior is performed is referred to as ____.

Understanding factors influencing women's breastfeeding practices by exploring attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral controls is an application of the ____.

____ comprise the category of people that adopt an innovation readily, usually without input from significant others.

Self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, and self-regulation, which are three of the major constructs of the ____, were applied in the development, implementation, and evaluation of the EatFit intervention program for young teens.

Match the term in the right column with its correct description in the left column. Options will be used only once. -Knowledge and awareness we have of our environment and the judgments we make related to it

In the health belief model, a person explores the pros and cons of a behavior change in the ____ component.

In which category are opinion leaders often found?

Match the term in the right column with its correct description in the left column. Options will be used only once. -Perceived social pressure to perform or not perform a behavior

The process of testing and assessing certain elements of a program before it is implemented fully is called ____ evaluation.

Match the term in the right column with its correct description in the left column. Options will be used only once. -Belief that one can make a behavior changeA determination to act in a certain way

According to the diffusion of innovation model, when an individual is aware of an innovation and has acquired some information about it, he or she is in the ____ stage.

Incentive programs and specific how-to education are part of the ____ component of the health belief model.

Match the descriptions of the behavior change theories in the left column with the name of the theory in the right column. Options will be used only once. -Considers an individual's intention to change behavior to be determined by both personal attitudes and subjective norms

Match the descriptions of the behavior change theories in the left column with the name of the theory in the right column. Options will be used only once. -Emphasizes that people and their environment interact continuously, each influencing the other

Match the term in the right column with its correct description in the left column. Options will be used only once. -Positive or negative evaluation of performing a behavior

Match the term in the right column with its correct description in the left column. Options will be used only once. -A determination to act in a certain way

Quiz 3: Understanding and Achieving Behavior Change

Match the term in the right column with its correct description in the left column. Options will be used only once.​ -​Response of an individual to his or her environment

A determination to act in a particular way is called a(n) ____.

Match the descriptions of the behavior change theories in the left column with the name of the theory in the right column. Options will be used only once.​ -​Focuses on the process by which an idea or behavior spreads throughout a population

​The dynamic interaction of the person, the behavior, and the environment in which the behavior is performed is referred to as ____.

​Understanding factors influencing women's breastfeeding practices by exploring attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral controls is an application of the ____.

​____ comprise the category of people that adopt an innovation readily, usually without input from significant others.

​Self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, and self-regulation, which are three of the major constructs of the ____, were applied in the development, implementation, and evaluation of the EatFit intervention program for young teens.

Match the term in the right column with its correct description in the left column. Options will be used only once.​ -​Knowledge and awareness we have of our environment and the judgments we make related to it

​In the health belief model, a person explores the pros and cons of a behavior change in the ____ component.

​In which category are opinion leaders often found?

Match the term in the right column with its correct description in the left column. Options will be used only once.​ -​Perceived social pressure to perform or not perform a behavior

​The process of testing and assessing certain elements of a program before it is implemented fully is called ____ evaluation.

Match the term in the right column with its correct description in the left column. Options will be used only once.​ -​Belief that one can make a behavior changeA determination to act in a certain way

​According to the diffusion of innovation model, when an individual is aware of an innovation and has acquired some information about it, he or she is in the ____ stage.

​Incentive programs and specific how-to education are part of the ____ component of the health belief model.

Match the descriptions of the behavior change theories in the left column with the name of the theory in the right column. Options will be used only once.​ -​Considers an individual's intention to change behavior to be determined by both personal attitudes and subjective norms

Match the descriptions of the behavior change theories in the left column with the name of the theory in the right column. Options will be used only once.​ -​Emphasizes that people and their environment interact continuously, each influencing the other

Match the term in the right column with its correct description in the left column. Options will be used only once.​ -​Positive or negative evaluation of performing a behavior

Match the term in the right column with its correct description in the left column. Options will be used only once.​ -​A determination to act in a certain way