Reprimands, restraint, captivity, and electrical shocks can be reinforcers

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Reinforcement is anything that increases the likelihood of a behavior occurring again in the future. Reprimands and restraint may be seen as punishments, but they can also inadvertently reinforce behavior by providing attention or relief from a task. Captivity may reinforce behavior in captive animals by providing food or shelter. Electrical shocks may also unintentionally reinforce behavior by providing relief from stress or discomfort.

Reprimands, Restraint, Captivity, and Electrical Shocks Can Be Reinforcers