Question 1

One of the ethical advantages of disclosing your research role to participants is that group members can choose to keep some information or attitudes hidden.

Accepted Answer

When participants know that they are interacting with a researcher, they may choose to withhold some information or opinions. This is known as social desirability bias, where participants avoid disclosing potentially negative or embarrassing information. By informing participants of the researcher's role, they can make an informed decision about what they choose to share, ultimately resulting in more accurate data collection.

Question 2

Intensive interviewing relies almost exclusively on closed-ended questions.

Accepted Answer

Intensive interviewing typically involves open-ended questions that encourage the interviewee to provide detailed and personalized responses. Closed-ended questions are generally used in structured surveys or questionnaires.

Question 3

Written field notes are the primary means of recording participant observation data.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Written field notes are considered the most important tool for collecting data in participant observation research.

Question 4

Define the methods of ethnography and how they compare to netnography.

Accepted Answer

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Question 5

The impact of personal issues do not vary with the researchers' involvement in the setting.

Accepted Answer

The impact of personal issues can indeed vary with the researchers' involvement in the setting, as deeper involvement may lead to more emotional or subjective biases affecting the research outcomes.

Question 6

The changes in individual or group behavior due to being observed or otherwise studied is known as a proactive effect.

Accepted Answer

The changes in individual or group behavior due to being observed or otherwise studied is known as the Hawthorne effect or observer effect. The proactive effect refers to people taking initiative before they are asked to do so.

Question 7

Describe the features of qualitative research that most distinguish it from quantitative research.

Accepted Answer

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Question 8

Discuss the ways computer software programs can facilitate qualitative data analysis.

Accepted Answer

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Question 9

A systematic approach to sampling in participant observational research is theoretical sampling.

Accepted Answer

The statement is correct. Theoretical sampling involves selecting participants based on the emerging themes or concepts that emerge from the data collected during the research process, rather than selecting participants randomly or based on preconceived notions or criteria.

Question 10

Identify the major ethical challenges faced by qualitative researchers and discuss one qualitative research project that posed particular ethical concerns.

Accepted Answer

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Question 11

Discuss the advantages of focus group research and identify particular challenges focus group researchers face.

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

Decisions to study one setting or several settings do not shape field researchers' ability to generalize about what they have found.

Accepted Answer

The statement is incorrect. Studying one setting limits the generalizability of field researchers' findings, while studying several settings increases the potential for generalization.

Question 13

Researchers must be careful to manage relationships in the research setting so that the research can continue through a long period of participant observation.

Accepted Answer

It is important for researchers to maintain positive and respectful relationships with participants in order to maintain trust and continue the research over a long period of time.

Question 14

Describe the process of intensive interviewing and compare it to the process of interviewing in survey research.

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

Discuss the major challenges at each stage of a field research project.

Accepted Answer

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Question 16

Compare the advantages and disadvantages of each participant observer role.

Accepted Answer

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Question 17

In her study of community policing, Susan Miller 1999)adopted the role of a complete observer.

Accepted Answer

The statement directly states that Susan Miller adopted the role of a complete observer in her study of community policing.

Question 18

Understand how grounded theory is developed.

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

Describe differences between ethnography and ethnomethodology.

Accepted Answer

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Question 20

Systematic observation is a strategy that increases the reliability of observational data by using explicit rules that standardize coding practices across observers.

Accepted Answer

Systematic observation is a well-established strategy that uses standardized coding practices to ensure the reliability of observational data. This approach reduces the potential for observer bias and promotes consistency across different observers, leading to more accurate and objective data.

Quiz 8: Qualitative Methods and Data Analysis