Question 1

Which diatomic molecule or ion has valence electron molecular orbital configuration provided below? [core electrons](σ_2s)²(σ*_2s)²(σ_2p)²(π_2p)⁴(π*_2p)³ A) B₂ B) O₂- C) O₂²⁺ D) Ne₂ E) Li₂

Accepted Answer

The valence electron molecular orbital configuration provided contains two electrons in the σ*S1U1B12sS1U1B0 antibonding orbital and six electrons in the σS1U1B12pS1U1B0, πS1U1B12pS1U1B0, and π*S1U1B12pS1U1B0 bonding orbitals. This matches the electron configuration of the O2 molecule, which has a total of 12 valence electrons. The O2- ion would also have this electron configuration, but (C) includes an extra electron in the S1U1P12 orbital, which is not present in the provided configuration. The other choices, (A), (D), and (E), do not have enough valence electrons to match the configuration provided.

Question 2

If 7 orbitals on one atom overlap 7 orbitals on a second atom, how many molecular orbitals will be formed?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 7
D) 14
E) None of these

Accepted Answer

When 7 orbitals on one atom overlap 7 orbitals on a second atom, a total of 7 x 7 = 49 molecular orbitals will be formed. However, due to symmetry considerations, some of these molecular orbitals will have the same energy and the same shape. Therefore, the actual number of distinct molecular orbitals will be smaller. In this case, the correct answer is 14, which represents the number of unique molecular orbitals that can be derived from the combination of 7 atomic orbitals on each atom.

Question 3

In valence bond theory, each sigma bond in CH₄ is formed from the overlap of a hydrogen atom's 1s orbital with a(n) ________ hybridized orbital on the carbon atom.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In valence bond theory, each sigma bond...

Question 4

Diagram 9-1 The molecular orbital diagram below may be used for the following problem(s). For oxygen and fluorine, the σ2p orbital should be lower in energy than the π2p orbitals. However, the diagram will still yield correct bond order and magnetic behavior for these molecules -Refer to diagram 9-1. Identify the molecule with the shortest bond length. A) O₂ B) C₂ C) B₂ D) F₂ E) N₂

Accepted Answer

The answer of Diagram 9-1
The molecular orbital diagram below may...

Question 5

What does the following figure represent? 
A) the overlap of two 1s orbitals to form a σ bond
B) the overlap of two 2p orbitals to form a σ bond
C) the overlap of two 2p orbitals to form a π bond
D) the overlap of a 1s orbital and a 2p orbital to form a σ bond
E) the overlap of a 1s orbital and a 2p orbital to form a π bond

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does the following figure represent? 
A)...

Question 6

Diagram 9-1 The molecular orbital diagram below may be used for the following problem(s). For oxygen and fluorine, the σ2p orbital should be lower in energy than the π2p orbitals. However, the diagram will still yield correct bond order and magnetic behavior for these molecules -Refer to Diagram 9-1. Assume that the molecular orbital energy diagram for a homonuclear diatomic molecule applies to a heteronuclear diatomic molecule. What is the molecular orbital configuration of CO? A) [core electrons] (σ_2s)² (σ*_2s)² (π_2p)⁴ (σ_2p)² B) [core electrons] (σ_2s)² (σ*_2s)² (π_2p)² (σ_2p)² (π*_2p)² C) [core electrons] (σ_2s)² (σ*_2s)² (π_2p)² (σ_2p)⁴ D) [core electrons] (σ_2s)² (σ*_2s)² (π_2p)⁶ E) [core electrons] (σ_2s)² (σ*_2s)² (π_2p)³ (σ_2p)³

Accepted Answer

The answer of Diagram 9-1
The molecular orbital diagram below may...

Question 7

Which theory, valence bond or molecule orbital, correctly predicts the existence of paramagnetic molecules?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which theory, valence bond or molecule orbital,...

Question 8

Which of the following molecules has the below valence molecular orbital energy level diagram? A) Li₂ B) Be₂ C) B₂ D) C₂ E) N₂

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following molecules has the...

Question 9

In molecular orbital theory, the bond order is defined as 1/2 × (the number of electrons in ________ orbitals minus the number of electrons in antibonding orbitals).

Accepted Answer

The answer of In molecular orbital theory, the bond order...

Question 10

The electron configuration of a particular diatomic species is: [core electrons](σ_2s)²(σ*_2s)²(σ_2p)²(π_2p)³(π*_2p)⁰ What is the bond order for this species? A) 1 B) 1.5 C) 2 D) 2.5 E) 3

Accepted Answer

The bond order can be calculated by subtracting the number of electrons in the antibonding orbitals from the number of electrons in the bonding orbitals and dividing by 2. From the given electron configuration, we have: Bonding electrons = 2(σ_2s) + 2(σ_2p) + 2(π_2p) = 6 Antibonding electrons = 2(σ*_2s) + 2(σ*_2p) + 2(π*_2p) = 6 Bond order = (6 - 6) / 2 = 0 However, since this is a diatomic species, we know that a bond is present, so we must adjust our calculation to take this into account. There are two electrons in the bonding π orbital, which contribute to the bond, but there are no electrons in the antibonding π* orbital, which would weaken the bond. Therefore, we can adjust the bond order as follows: Bonding electrons = 6 + 2 = 8 Antibonding electrons = 6 + 0 = 6 Bond order = (8 - 6) / 2 = 1 Therefore, the bond order for this species is 2.

Question 11

What is the bond order for a molecule with 2 electrons in bonding molecular orbitals and 1 electrons in antibonding molecular orbitals?
A) 0
B) 0.5
C) 1
D) 1.5
E) 2

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the bond order for a...

Question 12

Diagram 9-1 The molecular orbital diagram below may be used for the following problem(s). For oxygen and fluorine, the σ2p orbital should be lower in energy than the π2p orbitals. However, the diagram will still yield correct bond order and magnetic behavior for these molecules -Refer to Diagram 9-1. Which of the following is the correct molecular orbital configuration of F₂? A) [core electrons] (σ_2s)² (σ*_2s)² (σ_2p)²(π_2p)⁴ (σ*_2p)² B) [core electrons] (σ_2s)² (σ*_2s)² (π_2p)² (σ_2p)² (π*_2p)² C) [core electrons] (σ_2s)² (σ*_2s)² (π_2p)⁴ (π*_2p)⁴ D) [core electrons] (σ_2s)² (σ*_2s)² (π_2p)⁴ (σ_2p)² (π*_2p)⁶ E) [core electrons] (σ_2s)² (σ*_2s)² (σ_2p)² (π_2p)⁴ (π*_2p)⁴

Accepted Answer

The answer of Diagram 9-1
The molecular orbital diagram below may...

Question 13

In the NO₂^- ion, each atom can be viewed as sp² hybridized. Thus, each atom has one remaining unhybridized p orbital. How many π_2p molecular orbitals (including both bonding and antibonding orbitals) are formed using the unhybridized p orbitals? A) 1 B) 3 C) 4 D) 6 E) 12

Accepted Answer

Each unhybridized p orbital can form a π molecular orbital with another unhybridized p orbital on a nearby atom. Since there are three atoms with unhybridized p orbitals (N, B, and P), there will be a total of three π molecular orbitals formed. Each of these π molecular orbitals will have both a bonding and an antibonding orbital, hence the total number of π molecular orbitals is six.

Question 14

Diagram 9-1 The molecular orbital diagram below may be used for the following problem(s). For oxygen and fluorine, the σ2p orbital should be lower in energy than the π2p orbitals. However, the diagram will still yield correct bond order and magnetic behavior for these molecules -Refer to Diagram 9-1. What is the molecular orbital configuration of N₂²⁺? A) [core electrons] (σ_2s)² (σ*_2s)² (π_2p)⁴ (σ_2p)² (π*_2p)² B) [core electrons] (σ_2s)² (σ*_2s)² (π_2p)⁴ C) [core electrons] (σ_2s)² (σ*_2s)² (π_2p)² (σ_2p)² D) [core electrons] (σ_2s)⁴ (σ*_2s)⁴ E) [core electrons] (σ_2s)² (σ*_2s)² (π_2p)⁴ (σ_2p)² (π*_2p)⁴

Accepted Answer

The answer of Diagram 9-1
The molecular orbital diagram below may...

Question 15

Benzene, C₆H₆, consists of a six member ring of sp² hybridized carbon atoms. Each carbon atom has one unhybridized p orbital. How many π_2p bonding, antibonding, and nonbonding molecular orbitals exist for benzene? A) Three π_2p molecular orbitals exist; two bonding and one antibonding. B) Three π_2p molecular orbitals exist; one bonding, one antibonding, and one nonbonding. C) Six π_2p molecular orbitals exist; three bonding and three antibonding. D) Six π_2p molecular orbitals exist; two bonding, two nonbonding, and two antibonding. E) Twelve π_2p molecular orbitals exist; six bonding and six antibonding.

Accepted Answer

The six π orbitals are formed by the overlap of the unhybridized p orbitals on the six carbon atoms in the ring. There will be three bonding (lower energy) and three antibonding (higher energy) molecular orbitals. This is due to the fact that the six carbon atoms have six unhybridized p orbitals that can overlap to form six molecular orbitals, but only three of these orbitals are bonding, while the other three are antibonding.

Question 16

Diagram 9-1 The molecular orbital diagram below may be used for the following problem(s). For oxygen and fluorine, the σ2p orbital should be lower in energy than the π2p orbitals. However, the diagram will still yield correct bond order and magnetic behavior for these molecules -Refer to Diagram 9-1. Assuming that the molecular orbital energy diagram for a homonuclear diatomic molecule applies to a heteronuclear diatomic molecule, which of the following species is paramagnetic? A) NO⁺ B) CO C) CN^- D) OF^- E) NO

Accepted Answer

NO is paramagnetic because it has an odd number of electrons, leading to unpaired electrons in its molecular orbitals, which is a key characteristic of paramagnetic substances.

Question 17

Diagram 9-1 The molecular orbital diagram below may be used for the following problem(s). For oxygen and fluorine, the σ2p orbital should be lower in energy than the π2p orbitals. However, the diagram will still yield correct bond order and magnetic behavior for these molecules -Refer to diagram 9-1. Identify the molecule or ion with the longest bond length. A) O₂ B) O₂⁺ C) O₂^- D) O₂^2- E) O₂²⁺

Accepted Answer

The molecule with the longest bond length is the one with the fewest double bonds. In option D, there are no double bonds, while in options B and E there is a double bond between the phosphorus and one of the sulfur atoms. Option A has a double bond between the two sulfur atoms. Option C has both a double bond between the phosphorus and sulfur and a negative charge, contributing to shorter bonds. Therefore, option D, with no double bonds, has the longest bond length.

Question 18

Diagram 9-1 The molecular orbital diagram below may be used for the following problem(s). For oxygen and fluorine, the σ2p orbital should be lower in energy than the π2p orbitals. However, the diagram will still yield correct bond order and magnetic behavior for these molecules -Refer to Diagram 9-1. Assuming that the molecular orbital energy diagram for a homonuclear diatomic molecule applies to a heteronuclear diatomic molecule, determine which of the following species has the highest bond order. A) NO^- B) OF^- C) C₂ D) O₂^2- E) NO⁺

Accepted Answer

The answer of Diagram 9-1
The molecular orbital diagram below may...

Question 19

Which molecule will have the following valence molecular orbital energy level diagram? A) Be₂ B) B₂ C) C₂ D) N₂ E) O₂

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which molecule will have the following valence...

Question 20

The following valence molecular orbital energy level diagram is appropriate for which one of the listed species? A) B₂²⁺ B) C₂²⁺ C) N₂²⁺ D) O₂²⁺ E) F₂²⁺

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following valence molecular orbital energy level...

Quiz 10: Bonding and Molecular Structure Orbital Hybridization and Molecular Orbitals

Which diatomic molecule or ion has valence electron molecular orbital configuration provided below? [core electrons](σ_2s) ²(σ_2s) ²(σ_2p) ²(π_2p) ⁴(π_2p) ³

If 7 orbitals on one atom overlap 7 orbitals on a second atom, how many molecular orbitals will be formed?

In valence bond theory, each sigma bond in CH₄ is formed from the overlap of a hydrogen atom's 1s orbital with a(n) ________ hybridized orbital on the carbon atom.

What does the following figure represent?

Which theory, valence bond or molecule orbital, correctly predicts the existence of paramagnetic molecules?

Which of the following molecules has the below valence molecular orbital energy level diagram?

In molecular orbital theory, the bond order is defined as 1/2 × (the number of electrons in ________ orbitals minus the number of electrons in antibonding orbitals).

The electron configuration of a particular diatomic species is: [core electrons](σ_2s) ²(σ_2s) ²(σ_2p) ²(π_2p) ³(π_2p) ⁰ What is the bond order for this species?

What is the bond order for a molecule with 2 electrons in bonding molecular orbitals and 1 electrons in antibonding molecular orbitals?

In the NO₂^- ion, each atom can be viewed as sp² hybridized. Thus, each atom has one remaining unhybridized p orbital. How many π_2p molecular orbitals (including both bonding and antibonding orbitals) are formed using the unhybridized p orbitals?

Benzene, C₆H₆, consists of a six member ring of sp² hybridized carbon atoms. Each carbon atom has one unhybridized p orbital. How many π_2p bonding, antibonding, and nonbonding molecular orbitals exist for benzene?

Which molecule will have the following valence molecular orbital energy level diagram?

The following valence molecular orbital energy level diagram is appropriate for which one of the listed species?

Quiz 10: Bonding and Molecular Structure Orbital Hybridization and Molecular Orbitals

Which diatomic molecule or ion has valence electron molecular orbital configuration provided below? [core electrons](σ2s) 2(σ*2s) 2(σ2p) 2(π2p) 4(π*2p) 3

If 7 orbitals on one atom overlap 7 orbitals on a second atom, how many molecular orbitals will be formed?

In valence bond theory, each sigma bond in CH4 is formed from the overlap of a hydrogen atom's 1s orbital with a(n) ________ hybridized orbital on the carbon atom.

What does the following figure represent?

Which theory, valence bond or molecule orbital, correctly predicts the existence of paramagnetic molecules?

Which of the following molecules has the below valence molecular orbital energy level diagram?

In molecular orbital theory, the bond order is defined as 1/2 × (the number of electrons in ________ orbitals minus the number of electrons in antibonding orbitals).

The electron configuration of a particular diatomic species is: [core electrons](σ2s) 2(σ*2s) 2(σ2p) 2(π2p) 3(π*2p) 0 What is the bond order for this species?

What is the bond order for a molecule with 2 electrons in bonding molecular orbitals and 1 electrons in antibonding molecular orbitals?

In the NO2- ion, each atom can be viewed as sp2 hybridized. Thus, each atom has one remaining unhybridized p orbital. How many π2p molecular orbitals (including both bonding and antibonding orbitals) are formed using the unhybridized p orbitals?

Benzene, C6H6, consists of a six member ring of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms. Each carbon atom has one unhybridized p orbital. How many π2p bonding, antibonding, and nonbonding molecular orbitals exist for benzene?

Which molecule will have the following valence molecular orbital energy level diagram?

The following valence molecular orbital energy level diagram is appropriate for which one of the listed species?

Which diatomic molecule or ion has valence electron molecular orbital configuration provided below? [core electrons](σ_2s) ²(σ_2s) ²(σ_2p) ²(π_2p) ⁴(π_2p) ³

In valence bond theory, each sigma bond in CH₄ is formed from the overlap of a hydrogen atom's 1s orbital with a(n) ________ hybridized orbital on the carbon atom.

The electron configuration of a particular diatomic species is: [core electrons](σ_2s) ²(σ_2s) ²(σ_2p) ²(π_2p) ³(π_2p) ⁰ What is the bond order for this species?

In the NO₂^- ion, each atom can be viewed as sp² hybridized. Thus, each atom has one remaining unhybridized p orbital. How many π_2p molecular orbitals (including both bonding and antibonding orbitals) are formed using the unhybridized p orbitals?

Benzene, C₆H₆, consists of a six member ring of sp² hybridized carbon atoms. Each carbon atom has one unhybridized p orbital. How many π_2p bonding, antibonding, and nonbonding molecular orbitals exist for benzene?