Question 1

The commerce that occurred as a result of the Pax Mongolica was facilitated by the introduction of:

Accepted Answer

Double-entry bookkeeping and early forms of credit transfers were important innovations that allowed for commercial transactions to occur more efficiently and effectively. These practices were introduced and picked up during the Pax Mongolica period, which allowed for greater trade and commerce to occur.

Question 2

Texts like Marco Polo's Description of the World:

Accepted Answer

Marco Polo's Description of the World is known to be a mix of fact and fiction. While some details in his account have been supported by other sources, many of his descriptions have been debated or proven to be inaccurate. Despite this, his work was influential in shaping the perception of the East in Europe and inspiring later explorers.

Question 3

Increasing European interest in African gold was driven by:

Accepted Answer

As noted in the statement, the increasing European interest in African gold was driven by increasing demand for expensive luxury goods in Europe.

Question 4

The Vikings did not permanently colonize the eastern coast of North America in part because:

Accepted Answer

The Vikings encountered resistance and conflict from the indigenous peoples of North America, which contributed to their decision not to establish permanent colonies. This is evidenced by archaeological findings and Norse sagas that describe hostile encounters.

Question 5

The thirteenth century had witnessed the development of the philosophical belief that the secular and spiritual worlds were rational,organized,and comprehensible to human beings.In the fourteenth century,William of Ockham:

Accepted Answer

William of Ockham was a proponent of Nominalism, a philosophical belief that denied the existence of abstract concepts and universals. He believed that knowledge of the world came primarily through experience and observation, rather than through reason alone. In his view, theological truths could only be known through divine revelation, not through human reason. Therefore, A is the correct choice.

Question 6

For Europeans,the most important consequence of the Mongol conquests was:

Accepted Answer

The Mongol conquests opened up new commercial routes for Europeans, particularly along the Silk Road leading to China. This facilitated trade and cultural exchange between Europe and the Far East, contributing to the growth of the European economy and the Renaissance. The other options are either not relevant to European interests or historically inaccurate.

Question 7

Culturally and ethnically,the Mongols were most closely related to the:

Accepted Answer

The Mongols were most closely related to the Turks both culturally and ethnically. The two groups had similar lifestyles, nomadic habits, and shared a common language, religion, and social organization. They also intermixed through frequent migration and intermarriage. While the Mongols had some contact with Chinese, Russians, Persians, and Siberians, they were not as closely related to them as they were to the Turkic peoples.

Question 8

Long-distance trade in the thirteenth century usually occurred:

Accepted Answer

Long-distance trade in the thirteenth century occurred through a series of interlocking trade networks, including the Silk Road, Indian Ocean trade routes, and Mediterranean trade networks. These networks connected various regions and facilitated the exchange of goods and ideas. The Venetian merchants did sail to India, but they were only one group among many involved in the long-distance trade. The fall of the Mongol Empire and the foundation of the Ottoman Empire happened after the thirteenth century and were not crucial factors in the long-distance trade during that time.

Question 9

Why did the Pax Mongolica come to an end?

Accepted Answer

Conflict between various components of the Mongol Empire increased, including succession disputes and disagreements over governance. This led to the fragmentation of the empire and the weakening of centralized control, ultimately leading to the end of the Pax Mongolica.

Question 10

Time became standardized in the fourteenth century due to:

Accepted Answer

The invention and proliferation of mechanical clocks in the fourteenth century allowed for a standardized way of measuring time, which eventually led to the modern concept of time zones.

Question 11

In the early twelfth century,Genghis Khan quickly built up a large military force by:

Accepted Answer

Genghis Khan incorporated the warriors of defeated tribes into his own army, which allowed him to quickly build up a large military force. This strategy was known as the "merit system," where warriors were rewarded for their loyalty and success in battle. This system helped to create a strong sense of unity among his troops and allowed Genghis Khan to swiftly conquer neighboring territories.

Question 12

The Norse colony in Greenland ceased to exist during the fourteenth century because:

Accepted Answer

The Norse colony in Greenland ceased to exist during the fourteenth century because the climate had cooled considerably and farming was no longer possible. This made it difficult for the colony to sustain itself and led to its decline and eventual collapse.

Question 13

The expression "Mongol horde" actually comes from the:

Accepted Answer

The expression "Mongol horde" comes from the Turkish word ordu, which means "army." This term was used to describe the large and organized armies of Genghis Khan and his successors. The Mongols were known for their military prowess and conquests, and their armies were feared throughout Asia and Europe.

Question 14

After conquering territory in what is now Iraq,Iran,Pakistan,Afghanistan,Armenia,and Anatolia,the Mongols who controlled this territory,called the Ilkhanate,converted to:

Accepted Answer

The Ilkhanate, which was a Mongol khanate that controlled the aforementioned territories in the 13th and 14th centuries, converted to Islam under the leadership of Ghazan Khan. This conversion was largely due to the influence of his advisor, the Muslim scholar Rashid al-Din.

Question 15

After the 1340s,the economy of Europe was marked by:

Accepted Answer

The answer of After the 1340s,the economy of Europe was...

Question 16

Parallel to the interest in the gold trade in Europe,several entrepreneurial empires were established by Europeans.Among the first was that created by the:

Accepted Answer

The Catalans were among the first to establish entrepreneurial empires in Europe, especially in the Mediterranean region. They traded in a variety of commodities, including gold, silver, and spices, and established colonies and trading posts throughout the Mediterranean and Black Sea regions.

Question 17

The first European colonies established outside of Europe geographically were in the:

Accepted Answer

The first European colonies were established in the Atlantic Ocean, specifically on islands in the Caribbean Sea and off the coast of North America. The Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean were explored and colonized later, while the Arctic Ocean was difficult to access and did not have suitable land for colonization.

Question 18

The leader who united the Mongol tribes and began the conquest of China was named:

Accepted Answer

The leader who united the Mongol tribes and began the conquest of China was Temujin, also known as Genghis Khan. Qubilai Khan and Ögedei Khan were both successors of Genghis Khan, but did not begin the conquest of China. Timur the Lame (Tamerlane) was a Turko-Mongol conqueror who lived several decades after the conquest of China. Lin Pao Khan is not a historical figure.

Question 19

Mongol governance was directed toward:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mongol governance was directed toward:
...

Question 20

In the thirteenth century,Moscow became an important center because:

Accepted Answer

Moscow became an important center in the thirteenth century because it became a tribute-collecting center for the Mongol Khanate.

Quiz 10: The Medieval World 1250-1350