Question 1

__________ causes the greatest number of hospital-acquired infections in the United States.

Accepted Answer

Urinary catheterization is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections, often leading to urinary tract infections when bacteria enter the urinary tract through the catheter.

Question 2

_____________ is a rare transmissible disease that attacks the central nervous system, is progressive, and is always fatal.

Accepted Answer

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) is a rare, degenerative, invariably fatal brain disorder that affects the central nervous system, leading to rapid neurodegeneration.

Question 3

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
-An example would include pseudomonas and tetanus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Choose from the terms listed and match...

Question 4

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
-Chemicals contained within the cell wall of bacteria

Accepted Answer

Endotoxins are components of the outer membrane of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, released when the bacteria die and the cell wall breaks apart.

Question 5

Cellular organisms are divided into two types: _______________________, with each descending from different groups.

Accepted Answer

Cellular organisms are divided into prokaryotes, which lack a nucleus, and eukaryotes, which have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Question 6

Staining is a process of coloring microbial specimens so that they can be seen with the _____________.

Accepted Answer

Staining is a process specifically used to enhance the visibility of microbes under an optical microscope by coloring them, as microbes are often too small to be seen clearly with the naked eye or through safety glasses, and the process is unrelated to surgical sites.

Question 7

To perform chemical tests on bacteria, it is necessary to ________________.

Accepted Answer

To perform chemical tests on bacteria accurately, it is essential to grow them in a controlled laboratory environment to ensure purity and sufficient quantity for testing.

Question 8

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
-Not secreted but released when the cells are disrupted or broken down

Accepted Answer

Endotoxins are not actively secreted but are released when the bacterial cells are disrupted or broken down, typically found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.

Question 9

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
-When a cell ruptures, this is released into the bloodstream and spreads to different organ systems.

Accepted Answer

Endotoxins are part of the outer membrane of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. When these bacteria die and the cell wall breaks apart, endotoxins are released into the surroundings, which can include the bloodstream if the bacteria are inside an organism. This can lead to systemic effects as the endotoxins spread to different organ systems.

Question 10

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
-Most widespread cause of surgical site infections

Accepted Answer

Staphylococcus aureus is the most widespread cause of surgical site infections, often found on the skin and in the nasal passages of healthy individuals, making it a common source of postoperative infections.

Question 11

When a pathogenic or nonpathogenic microorganism gains entry to a wound's sterile tissues and colonizes there, it is called ________.

Accepted Answer

Surgical site infection occurs when a pathogenic or nonpathogenic microorganism enters a wound's sterile tissues and begins to colonize, leading to an infection at the site of a surgical incision.

Question 12

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
-Most frequent cause of urinary tract infection

Accepted Answer

The answer of Choose from the terms listed and match...

Question 13

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
-A toxic substance produced by microorganisms and excreted outside of the bacterial cell

Accepted Answer

Exotoxins are toxic substances secreted by bacteria into their surrounding environment, distinguishing them from endotoxins, which are released only when bacterial cells are disrupted.

Question 14

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
-Protein produced as a result of bacterial metabolism

Accepted Answer

Exotoxins are proteins produced inside pathogenic bacteria as part of their growth and metabolism, which are then secreted or released into the surrounding medium or host.

Question 15

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
-Enters specific body cells and disrupts the cell's chemical and physical structure

Accepted Answer

Exotoxins are proteins produced by certain bacteria that target specific cells, where they can disrupt cellular processes and damage or kill the cell.

Question 16

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
-Direct transmission occurs when the gastrointestinal tract is perforated and bowel contents spill into the sterile peritoneal cavity.

Accepted Answer

Direct transmission into the peritoneal cavity from a perforated gastrointestinal tract would most likely involve gut flora, of which Escherichia coli is a common and representative organism.

Question 17

Autoinfection is the spread of infection from one _________________.

Accepted Answer

Autoinfection refers to the process where an infection spreads from one part of the body to another part within the same individual.

Question 18

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once.
-Toxic effect includes fever, increased or decreased number of white blood cells, diarrhea, shock, extreme weakness, or death.

Accepted Answer

Endotoxins, which are part of the outer membrane of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, can cause a wide range of symptoms including fever, changes in white blood cell count, diarrhea, shock, extreme weakness, or death, especially when they are released into the bloodstream.

Quiz 8: Microbes and the Process of Infection

__________ causes the greatest number of hospital-acquired infections in the United States.

_____________ is a rare transmissible disease that attacks the central nervous system, is progressive, and is always fatal.

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once. -An example would include pseudomonas and tetanus.

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once. -Chemicals contained within the cell wall of bacteria

Cellular organisms are divided into two types: _______________________, with each descending from different groups.

Staining is a process of coloring microbial specimens so that they can be seen with the _____________.

To perform chemical tests on bacteria, it is necessary to ________________.

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once. -Not secreted but released when the cells are disrupted or broken down

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once. -When a cell ruptures, this is released into the bloodstream and spreads to different organ systems.

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once. -Most widespread cause of surgical site infections

When a pathogenic or nonpathogenic microorganism gains entry to a wound's sterile tissues and colonizes there, it is called ________.

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once. -Most frequent cause of urinary tract infection

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once. -A toxic substance produced by microorganisms and excreted outside of the bacterial cell

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once. -Protein produced as a result of bacterial metabolism

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once. -Enters specific body cells and disrupts the cell's chemical and physical structure

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once. -Direct transmission occurs when the gastrointestinal tract is perforated and bowel contents spill into the sterile peritoneal cavity.

Autoinfection is the spread of infection from one _________________.

Choose from the terms listed and match them with their most correct description. You may use the same answer more than once. -Toxic effect includes fever, increased or decreased number of white blood cells, diarrhea, shock, extreme weakness, or death.