According to Tulving, animals cannot maintain episodic memories because animals:
A) are usually unable to remember where food is located.
B) cannot learn how to avoid electric shock.
C) do not have a sense of self.
D) have a keen sense of the passage of time.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Tulving argued that episodic memory involves the recollection of specific events, situations, and experiences, including a sense of self in time. He believed that animals lack episodic memory because they do not possess a sufficiently developed sense of self, which is crucial for forming and recalling episodic memories.

According to Tulving, Animals Cannot Maintain Episodic Memories Because Animals