Question 1

In a 1975 investigation into the role of detectives in solving crimes in 150 police departments, it was determined that it was rare for detectives to find new evidence that led to case being solved.

Accepted Answer

The 1975 study by the Police Foundation found that detectives often relied on evidence collected at the scene of the crime by patrol officers or information readily available through initial investigations, rather than uncovering new evidence themselves.

Question 2

Increasing police patrols have a limited impact on crime because many crimes cannot be deterred by police patrols.

Accepted Answer

Many crimes are premeditated or occur without regard to police presence, making them less susceptible to deterrence through increased patrols. Additionally, some crimes are hidden or not easily observable, limiting the effectiveness of patrols.

Question 3

The study conducted by the National Institute of Justice in 1977 in Kansas City determined that the average reporting time for involvement crimes was 33 minutes.

Accepted Answer

The study you're referring to is the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment, which did not focus on the average reporting time for involvement crimes but rather on the effects of varying levels of police patrol on crime rates, citizen fear of crime, and community attitudes towards the police.

Question 4

The "mayonnaise" theory of police patrol states that if an area has no patrol starting one will reduce the crime rate and adding more patrol to an area that already has patrol will also reduce the crime rate.

Accepted Answer

The "mayonnaise theory" is not a recognized theory in policing or criminal justice. Theories related to police patrol and its impact on crime rates include concepts like "hot spots policing," which focuses resources on areas with high crime rates, but there is no widely recognized theory comparing police patrol to mayonnaise in the manner described.

Question 5

According to Eck, "unsolvable" cases are considered "weak" in the sense that they cannot be solved regardless of the amount of effort put into the investigation.

Accepted Answer

Eck refers to "unsolvable" cases as "weak" because they lack the necessary clues or evidence that would allow for a successful resolution, regardless of the investigative effort applied.

Question 6

The study conducted by the National Institute of Justice in 1977 in Kansas City concluded there is no relationship between the likelihood of response-related arrests and reporting time after the reporting time exceeded nine minutes.

Accepted Answer

The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment conducted by the Police Foundation in the early 1970s found that increased patrol did not significantly affect citizen satisfaction with police, fear of crime, or crime rates, indicating that response time over a certain threshold (in this case, nine minutes) did not significantly impact the likelihood of arrest, challenging assumptions about the effectiveness of rapid response.

Question 7

The results of the Melrose Newfoundland Preventive Patrol Experiment forever changed how patrol officers in marked vehicles were used in Atlantic Canada.

Accepted Answer

The experiment you're referring to is actually the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment, not the "Melrose Newfoundland Preventive Patrol Experiment." The Kansas City experiment, conducted in the early 1970s, studied the effects of police patrol on crime and public perception, leading to significant changes in patrol strategies in the United States and elsewhere, but it was not associated with Newfoundland or specifically Atlantic Canada.

Question 8

Increasing police patrols have a limited impact on crime because some people are not deterred by increasing numbers of police.

Accepted Answer

Increasing police patrols can have a deterrent effect on crime, but their impact is limited because not all individuals are deterred by the presence of police. Some may not perceive the risk of being caught or may be motivated by factors that outweigh their fear of apprehension.

Question 9

The presence of more patrol officers does not lower crime rates.

Accepted Answer

The presence of more patrol officers does not necessarily lower crime rates. There are many factors that contribute to crime rates, and the presence of more patrol officers is just one of them.

Question 10

Increasing police patrols have a limited impact on crime because patrol officers are spread so thinly across a beat that a patrol vehicle may be seen only on chance encounters rather than as a daily occurrence.

Accepted Answer

Increasing police patrols can have a limited impact on reducing crime because the presence of patrol officers is often sporadic and unpredictable, making it less likely that their presence alone will deter criminal activity consistently across their patrol areas.

Question 11

The results of the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment led Klockars and Mastrofski to conclude that it "makes about as much sense to have police patrol routinely in cars to fight crime as it does to have [fire fighters] patrol routinely in fire trucks to fight fire."

Accepted Answer

The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment found that routine preventive patrol in marked police cars did not have a significant effect on crime rates, citizen fear of crime, or citizen satisfaction with police, leading Klockars and Mastrofski to make this comparison to illustrate the ineffectiveness of such patrols in directly fighting crime.

Question 12

According to Eck, "already solved" cases have strong evidence and so can be solved by criminal investigators with a minimum of investigation effort.

Accepted Answer

Eck suggests that "already solved" cases have strong evidence, making them easier for investigators to resolve with minimal effort.

Question 13

According to Eck, "unsolvable" cases can be solved with a moderate to considerable amount of investigation effort.

Accepted Answer

Eck suggests that "unsolvable" cases are those that, even with a moderate to considerable amount of investigation effort, are unlikely to be solved due to the lack of leads or solvability factors.

Question 14

In a 1975 investigation into the role of detectives in solving crimes in 150 police departments, it was determined that approximately 10 percent of crimes handed to detectives were ultimately solved by them.

Accepted Answer

The 1975 investigation into the role of detectives in solving crimes, known as the RAND study, found that detectives solved a higher percentage of crimes than just 10 percent, although the exact percentage can vary widely depending on the type of crime and other factors. The statement oversimplifies the findings and implications of the study.

Question 15

Detectives usually solve a case through reactive activities.

Accepted Answer

Detectives typically solve cases through proactive activities, such as gathering evidence, interviewing witnesses, and analyzing information, rather than just reacting to events.

Question 16

Increasing police patrols have a limited impact on crime because crimes that occur in residences, such as murders, sexual assaults, and child abuse are not going to stop because more police are patrolling the streets.

Accepted Answer

Increasing police patrols primarily affects crimes in public spaces by increasing the perceived risk of apprehension for offenders. However, crimes that occur within residences, like domestic violence or child abuse, are less influenced by police presence on the streets because these crimes are hidden from public view.

Question 17

The results of the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment gave police managers a reason to maintain a constant level of police vehicles on patrol, but at the same time it allowed administrations to experiment with alternative tactics and strategies.

Accepted Answer

The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment found that traditional routine patrol in marked police cars did not have a significant effect on crime rates, citizen fear of crime, or community attitudes towards the police. This outcome suggested that maintaining a constant level of patrol was not necessarily effective in preventing crime, thereby encouraging police administrations to explore and experiment with alternative tactics and strategies for crime prevention and community engagement.

Question 18

During the late 1960s and early 1970s, critics began to argue that the mainstay of policing operations was deterring crime.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During the late 1960s and early 1970s,...

Question 19

Reactive beats involve preventive patrol activity.

Accepted Answer

Reactive beats involve responding to incidents and calls for service rather than initiating preventive patrol activity.

Question 20

In the professional model of policing, it was thought that detectives solve a substantial amount of the crimes handed to them for investigation.

Accepted Answer

In the professional model of policing, detectives are expected to solve a substantial amount of the crimes handed to them for investigation.

Quiz 6: The Practice of Policing