Question 1

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of the rule of law?

Accepted Answer

The rule of law is fundamentally about ensuring that all actions and decisions, including trials, are conducted according to established and fair procedures, ensuring justice and fairness at every stage. This principle ensures that everyone is treated equally under the law, and that legal processes are transparent and predictable.

Question 2

A member of parliament discovers that his relative has broken the law. He approaches his longtime friend, Justice Bloom, in the hope he will get his relative's charges dropped. He expresses to the justice that their friendship should help with an exemption from the law for his relative. Justice Bloom explains there are no exemptions from the law regardless of who you are. Which element of the rule of law does this example demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

This example demonstrates the "scope of law," which means that the law applies equally to all individuals, regardless of their status or relationships.

Question 3

You have taken a summer job at a centre that represents consumers and low-income persons, who are far too often silenced in legal and public policy debates. Where are you most likely to be working?

Accepted Answer

The Public Interest Law Centre typically represents consumers and low-income persons in legal and public policy debates, focusing on issues that affect these groups.

Question 4

Which statement is NOT a key concern of the due process model?

Accepted Answer

The due process model emphasizes fairness, rights of the accused, and limits on police powers, contrasting with the crime control model which prioritizes the suppression of crime and views order as essential for a free society.

Question 5

Your friend works in the criminal justice system. She prefers the crime control model of justice. She is most likely which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your friend works in the criminal justice...

Question 6

Which statement is NOT a key concern of the crime control model?

Accepted Answer

The crime control model emphasizes efficiency in arresting and convicting suspects, prioritizing the protection of society and victims over the procedural safeguards for defendants. Statement D, which highlights the importance of legal procedures in determining guilt, aligns more closely with the due process model, which focuses on protecting defendants' rights and ensuring fair treatment under the law.

Question 7

Overall, where does Canada rank in terms of the rule of law in the world?

Accepted Answer

Canada is tied for ninth in the world in terms of the rule of law according to the World Justice Project's Rule of Law Index.

Question 8

What is the primary concern of procedural justice?

Accepted Answer

Procedural justice focuses on the fairness and the transparency of the processes by which decisions are made, rather than the outcome of those decisions.

Question 9

What type of justice has been violated when an individual is found to have been wrongfully convicted?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What type of justice has been violated...

Question 10

Larry has been charged and convicted of a drug offence. He has had multiple charges surrounding drug use. Once Larry is convicted, the court system and correctional system assess him and recommend appropriate treatment programs. Which model of criminal justice does this fall under?

Accepted Answer

The medical model of criminal justice focuses on treating the underlying issues, such as drug addiction, that lead to criminal behavior. In Larry's case, the court and correctional system's focus on assessing him and recommending treatment programs aligns with the medical model's approach to addressing the root causes of criminal activity through treatment rather than punishment alone.

Question 11

What is the primary concern of substantive justice?

Accepted Answer

Substantive justice focuses on the outcome of legal proceedings, ensuring that the verdict accurately reflects the facts and the law, rather than the procedural aspects.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT one of the four elements that Tyler believes are key to understanding why people perceive criminal justice institutions to have legitimacy?

Accepted Answer

Tyler identifies four key elements that contribute to the perception of legitimacy in criminal justice institutions: participation, neutrality, trustworthiness, and distributive justice (which concerns the fairness in the distribution of resources or benefits, not explicitly mentioned here). "Equity" as described in option D, referring to the adequacy of laws, does not align with Tyler's framework. Instead, Tyler's model focuses on how people are treated by authorities and the fairness of processes, rather than the content or adequacy of laws themselves.

Question 13

A law surrounding texting and driving (distracted driving) was recently created in Ontario. Additionally, changes to the fine and the addition of three demerit points were implemented. Advertising and news stories communicated these changes to the public. Which element of the rule of law does this example demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

The example demonstrates the "character of law," which refers to the qualities and attributes of laws, such as being known to the public, understandable, and predictable. The communication of the new law and its consequences through advertising and news stories ensures that the law is known and understood by the public, which is a key aspect of the character of law.

Question 14

Which of the following terms refers to the truthfulness of the allegation of a case?

Accepted Answer

Substantive justice refers to the aspect of justice that is concerned with the fairness and the moral correctness of the laws themselves, including the fairness of the outcomes of their application. In the context of the truthfulness of an allegation, it pertains to ensuring that the laws and their application lead to just outcomes, including the verification of the truthfulness of allegations.

Question 15

Which one of the following is NOT an element of the rule of law?

Accepted Answer

The rule of law typically includes the scope, character, and institution of law, but "foundation of law" is not a standard element.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of the informal justice approach?

Accepted Answer

Mediation and arbitration services are examples of informal justice approaches, as they provide alternative ways to resolve disputes outside the formal court system.

Question 17

Which of the following is a goal of the crime control model of criminal justice?

Accepted Answer

The crime control model of criminal justice primarily aims to deter crime by maintaining public order and ensuring that crimes are swiftly and efficiently dealt with.

Question 18

What does the crime control model believe is the purpose of the criminal justice system?

Accepted Answer

The crime control model prioritizes reducing crime by increasing the efficiency of the legal process to arrest, convict, and incarcerate offenders, thus aiming to keep criminals off the streets.

Question 19

Your classmate argues that one of the most important aspects of the Canadian criminal justice system is that people can interpret the operations of the various elements of the system based on different belief systems. To what is she specifically referring?

Accepted Answer

Ideology refers to a system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy. In the context of the Canadian criminal justice system, different ideologies can influence how individuals interpret the operations and functions of the system, reflecting diverse perspectives and belief systems.

Question 20

You are listening to a public lecture by a speaker from an independent organization. Her stated mission is to advance the rule of law around the world. Which organization does the speaker likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

The World Justice Project is specifically focused on advancing the rule of law around the world, which aligns with the speaker's stated mission.

Quiz 1: An Overview of the Criminal Justice System in Canada