Question 1

Since 17-year-old Ahmed has lived in Canada for 12 years,he is likely to have adopted similar patterns of lifestyle behaviour as his Canadian-born friends.

Accepted Answer

Ahmed has spent a significant amount of his life in Canada, which means he has likely been exposed to and influenced by Canadian culture and lifestyle. Therefore, it is likely that he has adopted similar patterns of behaviour as his Canadian-born peers.

Question 2

Problem gambling is now classified as a ____________________ in the DSM-V.

Accepted Answer

substance-related and addictive disorder

Question 3

Among Canadian adolescents,girls report a higher level of self-esteem than boys.

Accepted Answer

Studies have generally found that boys report higher levels of self-esteem than girls during adolescence in Canada, reflecting a common trend observed in various cultures around the world.

Question 4

According to Erikson,teens protect themselves against the turmoil of the identity crisis by identifying with a peer group.

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the stage of identity vs. role confusion occurs during adolescence. During this stage, teens try to form their own identity but may experience confusion and turmoil. To cope with this crisis, they often turn to their peer groups and identify with them, which can provide a sense of belonging and help clarify their own values and beliefs.

Question 5

Surveys indicate that the majority of 11- to 18-year-olds have their own cellphones.

Accepted Answer

Surveys have consistently found that a majority of teenagers in this age range have their own cellphones.

Question 6

Adolescents who form strong ethnic identities have higher levels of self-esteem and optimism than their peers with weak ethnic identities.

Accepted Answer

Several studies have shown that adolescents who develop a strong sense of ethnic identity have higher levels of self-esteem and optimism. This is because a strong ethnic identity provides a sense of belonging and connection to a larger community, which can enhance one's sense of self-worth and positive outlook on life. In contrast, individuals with weak ethnic identities may feel disconnected and uncertain about their place in the world, which can lead to lower levels of self-esteem and a more pessimistic outlook.

Question 7

A central influence upon adolescent dating patterns is

Accepted Answer

being in love with one's dating partners.

Question 8

In the majority of families,conflict between teens and their parents typically signifies a major disruption in the quality of the parent-child relationship.

Accepted Answer

Conflict between teens and their parents is a normal part of the adolescent development process and does not necessarily signify a major disruption in the quality of the parent-child relationship. It often reflects the teen's natural push for independence and the parents' adjustment to these changes.

Question 9

"Jocks," "nerds," "preppies," and "skaters" are labels that are examples of

Accepted Answer

crowds.

Question 10

Teenagers who are closely attached to their parents are academically successful,enjoy good peer relations,but are just as likely to engage in antisocial behaviour.

Accepted Answer

Teenagers who are closely attached to their parents are generally less likely to engage in antisocial behavior, as strong parental attachment often leads to better emotional regulation, social skills, and decision-making abilities, which can reduce the likelihood of engaging in such behaviors.

Question 11

According to Kohlberg's theory,the level of moral reasoning in which judgments are based on integration of individual rights and the needs of society is postconventional morality.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's theory suggests that postconventional morality is the highest level of moral reasoning, where individuals base their judgments on an integration of individual rights and the needs of society. This is often considered to be a more nuanced and complex level of moral reasoning, as it involves balancing the needs and perspectives of both the individual and the group.

Question 12

According to Freud,the primary developmental task of adolescence is to channel the libido into a healthy sexual relationship.

Accepted Answer

Freud's psychosexual theory suggests that during adolescence, the genital stage is reached, where the focus is on developing a mature sexual relationship.

Question 13

According to Kohlberg,most adolescents operate beyond a level 3 stage of moral development,where living up to the expectations of one's family or significant others is the major influence on moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

According to Kohlberg, adolescents can operate at the highest level (stage 6) of moral development, where individual principles and values guide moral reasoning. This stage is characterized by a commitment to justice, equality, and respect for human dignity, rather than simply adhering to the expectations of others.

Question 14

Temperament appears to be the most important factor in the development of the onset of youth criminality during adolescence.

Accepted Answer

Multiple factors including social environment, family background, education, peer influence, and socio-economic status, in addition to temperament, play significant roles in the development of youth criminality during adolescence.

Question 15

During early adolescence,cliques are typically small cross-sex groups who label themselves by identity prototypes such as "jocks," "populars," or "loners."

Accepted Answer

During early adolescence, cliques are typically small, same-sex groups rather than cross-sex, and they often label themselves by identity prototypes such as "jocks," "populars," or "loners."

Question 16

Social self-concepts can predict behaviour.

Accepted Answer

Social self-concepts refer to how individuals see themselves in relation to others and their social environment. These self-concepts can influence behavior as they impact an individual's perceptions, attitudes, and decision-making processes. Research has shown that individuals who have a positive social self-concept tend to engage in more pro-social behaviors, while those with a negative social self-concept may engage in more anti-social behaviors. Therefore, social self-concepts can be used to predict behavior.

Question 17

An individual who has an undifferentiated sex-role orientation would describe himself as having both feminine and masculine characteristics and traits.

Accepted Answer

An individual with an undifferentiated sex-role orientation does not strongly identify with either masculine or feminine traits, unlike those with an androgynous orientation who identify with both.

Question 18

A combination of cliques,which includes both males and females,is a

Accepted Answer

crowd.

Question 19

According to Marcia,an individual who has a foreclosure identity has experienced a period of crisis and has made a commitment to ideological,occupational,or other goals.

Accepted Answer

Marcia identified foreclosure identity as a stage where an individual has not gone through crisis or made a commitment and instead has adopted the values and beliefs of their family or society without questioning or exploring alternative options.

Question 20

The most obvious reason for the general correlations between Kohlberg's stages and chronological age is cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's stages of moral development are based on cognitive development, and as individuals grow and mature, they generally move through the stages, with more complex and abstract reasoning abilities allowing for progression through the stages. Therefore, chronological age and cognitive development are closely related to the stages of moral development.

Quiz 12: Social and Personality Development in Adolescence