Question 1

In recent times, the case for instincts in humans has been supported by ________, who argue that states like competitiveness and aggression may also be instinctual.

Accepted Answer

Sociobiologists argue that many behaviors in humans, including competitiveness and aggression, may be instinctual, based on the idea that these behaviors have evolved because they were advantageous for survival and reproduction.

Question 2

According to Zuckerman, which of the following people will have the MOST difficulty in their career or home relationships?

Accepted Answer

Yachi, being a low sensation seeker, is likely to experience significant stress and dissatisfaction in a high-stress job like air traffic controlling, which demands constant alertness and can be highly stimulating. This mismatch can lead to difficulties in career or home relationships due to the stress and potential burnout from the job.

Question 3

A behavior pattern that is fixed, unlearned, and found in almost all members of a species is called ________.

Accepted Answer

An instinct is a behavior pattern that is fixed, unlearned, and found in almost all members of a species, distinguishing it from learned behaviors or individual habits.

Question 4

You bring a package home from the department store and your dog immediately jumps on you to investigate it; your 3-year-old niece comes to visit and opens all your kitchen cupboards to see what is inside; on a television documentary program, you see a monkey trying to open a box left in its cage.All of these are examples of ________.

Accepted Answer

These examples illustrate the arousal motive, which is the drive to seek out new and different things for the purpose of stimulation and exploration.

Question 5

Gaston and Page got married on a high bridge and started their honeymoon with a bungee-jump from the bridge.Which type of motive BEST explains their behavior?

Accepted Answer

The arousal motive best explains their behavior because it involves seeking an optimal level of excitement or change in the environment, which a bungee jump from a high bridge certainly provides.

Question 6

Sensation seeking is related to ________.

Accepted Answer

Sensation seeking is related to the arousal motive, as it involves the pursuit of experiences and activities that increase arousal levels.

Question 7

In the ________ theory of motivation, a lack or a deficiency of something creates a state of tension that motivates us to reduce the deficiency.

Accepted Answer

The drive-reduction theory of motivation suggests that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need, thereby reducing the tension.

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the arousal motive?

Accepted Answer

The arousal motive refers to the desire for an optimum level of arousal, not too high and not too low, but just right for any given task. This concept suggests that individuals seek to maintain an optimal level of arousal to feel engaged and motivated.

Question 9

Which of the following are INCORRECTLY matched?

Accepted Answer

Drive-reduction theory focuses on how internal states of tension motivate us to engage in behaviors that reduce these tensions, not on external stimuli.

Question 10

Sociobiologists emphasized that ________ are genetically transmitted from one generation to the next.

Accepted Answer

Sociobiologists argue that instincts, which are innate or genetically programmed behaviors, are transmitted from one generation to the next. This perspective suggests that certain behaviors are hardwired into an organism's biology and are passed down through genes.

Question 11

In the drive-reduction theory, motivation decreases once ________ is established (or re-established).

Accepted Answer

Drive-reduction theory posits that motivation decreases when homeostasis, the body's internal state of equilibrium, is restored.

Question 12

For most people, low levels of arousal lead to ________ behavior efficiency and high levels of arousal lead to ________ behavior efficiency.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For most people, low levels of arousal...

Question 13

Performance is BEST for most tasks when you are experiencing ________ levels of arousal, although this can vary from person to person.

Accepted Answer

Moderate levels of arousal are generally best for optimal performance on most tasks, as too low or too high arousal can impair performance. This is supported by the Yerkes-Dodson law, which suggests there is an optimal level of arousal for performance, and it typically falls in the moderate range.

Question 14

Zuckerman's test for sensation seeking measures which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale measures thrill and adventure seeking, experience seeking, disinhibition, and susceptibility to boredom, reflecting a personality trait of seeking varied, novel, complex, and intense sensations and experiences.

Question 15

The body's tendency to maintain a relatively stable state of internal balance, or equilibrium, is called ________.

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.

Question 16

Assume that you want to perform well on this test, but you feel anxious about your ability to do so.In this case, your desire to perform well is related to your ________ state, while your anxiety is related to your ________ state.

Accepted Answer

Your desire to perform well is related to your motivational state, as it drives you to achieve a specific goal. Your anxiety about your ability to perform well is related to your emotional state, as it reflects your feelings and emotional response to the situation.

Question 17

Motivation is BEST defined as ________.

Accepted Answer

Motivation is best defined as the set of factors that activate, direct, and maintain behavior, usually toward some goal. This definition encompasses the various psychological and physiological factors that drive individuals to act in a certain way to achieve specific objectives.

Question 18

According to your textbook, motivation ________ behavior and emotion ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to your textbook, motivation ________ behavior...

Question 19

Organisms are motivated to achieve and maintain an ideal or optimal level of stimulation that maximizes their performance according to ________ theory.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is C) optimal arousal theory, which suggests that organisms are motivated to achieve and maintain an optimal level of arousal that maximizes their performance.

Question 20

Sociobiologist Edward O.Wilson believes that humans also have instincts like ________, genetically transmitted from one generation to the next.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sociobiologist Edward O.Wilson believes that humans also...

Quiz 12: Motivation and Emotion