Question 1

One of the main differences between Marx's and Weber's understanding of social class is that
A) Marx emphasized one's life chances in his understanding of social class.
B) Weber recognized that social classes also differ with respect to their power and status.
C) Marx put more emphasis on how race and gender intersected with class.
D) Weber argued that social discrimination can lead to class inequality.

Accepted Answer

Weber's understanding of social class included not only economic factors but also power and status, whereas Marx focused primarily on economic relationships and class struggle.

Question 2

The money a person gets from a wage,salary,or investments is ______;the assets an individual owns are ______.
A) wealth;property
B) income;wealth
C) wealth;income
D) income;inherited

Accepted Answer

Income is the money a person gets from a wage, salary, or investments. Wealth is the assets an individual owns.

Question 3

Caste systems like the one in India require that individuals marry within their social group.This is referred to as
A) social reproduction.
B) endogamy.
C) social exclusion.
D) monogamy.

Accepted Answer

Endogamy is the practice of marrying within a specific social group, caste, or ethnicity, which is characteristic of caste systems like the one in India.

Question 4

Karl Marx called those who own the means of production ______ and those who make their living by selling their own labor power for a wage ______.
A) the bourgeoisie;the proletariat
B) producers;consumers
C) merchants;consumers
D) the working class;capitalists

Accepted Answer

Karl Marx referred to those who own the means of production as the bourgeoisie and those who sell their labor for wages as the proletariat.

Question 5

Oprah Winfrey was born into poverty and raised by a single mother,yet today she is one of the richest women in America.According to the textbook,the social position we are born into affects our life chances,but our class position is also
A) based on caste.
B) based on looks.
C) in some part achieved.
D) determined by affirmative action.

Accepted Answer

Class position is in some part achieved because individuals can improve their social status through education, hard work, and other personal efforts, as exemplified by Oprah Winfrey's life story.

Question 6

According to Karl Marx,the working class in industrialized countries would remain poor and live near subsistence level.Marx was right about the persistence of poverty in industrialized countries,but he was wrong in thinking that
A) there would be very few poor people in most industrialized countries.
B) most people would own the means of production collectively in capitalist countries.
C) the income of most of the population would remain extremely low.
D) industrial capitalism would decrease the wealth and income gap.

Accepted Answer

Marx was wrong in thinking that the income of most of the population would remain extremely low. In many industrialized countries, the standard of living has increased significantly, and the income of the working class has risen over time, contrary to Marx's prediction.

Question 7

The social honor or prestige that other members of society accord to individuals is referred to as
A) status.
B) power.
C) class.
D) surplus value.

Accepted Answer

Status refers to the social honor or prestige that individuals receive from others in society.

Question 8

What does Max Weber mean by a "pariah group"?
A) a group whose presence is a threat to the social order
B) a group that is both admired and feared
C) a negative-status group that suffers from loss of social opportunity
D) a disadvantaged group that is pitted and afforded special opportunities

Accepted Answer

Max Weber's concept of a "pariah group" refers to a group that is marginalized and suffers from a lack of social opportunities due to their negative status in society.

Question 9

We can conclude that one of the main differences between a society based on caste versus one based on class is that
A) boundaries between groups are not prevalent in systems based on class.
B) caste societies are spreading to countries around the world.
C) social mobility is more prevalent in class-based societies.
D) globalization will eventually do away with class positions.

Accepted Answer

In caste systems, social mobility is limited as individuals are born into a fixed social group, whereas class-based societies allow for more movement between social strata based on factors like wealth, education, and occupation.

Question 10

Davis and Moore's explanation of class stratification differs from that of Marx and Weber because
A) they tend to focus more on the role of inheritance in attaining social status.
B) they argue that blue-collar occupations deserve more prestige in our society.
C) they argue that rewards for one's social position are based upon the needs of society.
D) they pay more attention to the need for the redistribution of resources to make society more equal and stable.

Accepted Answer

Davis and Moore's explanation, known as the functionalist theory of stratification, suggests that social stratification is necessary to ensure that the most qualified individuals fill the roles that are most important for the functioning of society. They argue that rewards are distributed based on the needs of society, which differs from Marx's focus on class conflict and Weber's emphasis on multiple dimensions of stratification.

Question 11

A stratification system in which certain people are owned as property is known as
A) capitalism.
B) caste.
C) class.
D) slavery.

Accepted Answer

Slavery is a stratification system where individuals are owned by others as property and have no personal freedom.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a caste system?
A) forcing rural women in Thailand into sex work
B) the racial wealth gap in the United States
C) forcing children to accept their parents' status as their own in India
D) high rates of child poverty in Slovenia

Accepted Answer

A caste system is a social stratification where people are born into a fixed social group, and in India, the caste system traditionally dictates that children inherit their parents' social status.

Question 13

From 1977 to 2016,the richest 20 percent saw its income rise ______,while the poorest 20 percent saw its income rise by ______.
A) 67 percent;8 percent
B) 15 percent;60 percent
C) 100 percent;0 percent
D) 75 percent;95 percent

Accepted Answer

The richest 20 percent saw their income rise by 67 percent, while the poorest 20 percent saw their income rise by only 8 percent during the period from 1977 to 2016.

Question 14

Scholars believe that ______ has encouraged a shift to class-based systems in countries such as India that have been traditionally caste-based systems.
A) morality
B) globalization
C) religion
D) a high divorce rate

Accepted Answer

Globalization has led to increased economic opportunities and social mobility, which can encourage a shift from rigid caste systems to more flexible class-based systems.

Question 15

Andrew is a twenty-something,currently unemployed Jewish male from a wealthy background.Louis is a thirty-year-old Puerto Rican man who currently works in retail.In addition to class,which other difference might Max Weber point to in attempting to understand their respective social positions?
A) status distinctions
B) functionalist distinctions
C) ethnic distinctions
D) age distinctions

Accepted Answer

Max Weber would point to status distinctions, as they relate to social honor and prestige, which can affect social positions beyond just class.

Question 16

Suheir Shedd is a university professor.Which of the following would constitute her wealth?
A) the cultural capital in her network
B) all the assets she owns
C) the money she makes in a year
D) the estimated earnings over her life

Accepted Answer

Wealth is typically defined as the total value of all assets owned by an individual, including property, investments, and other valuable items.

Question 17

Workers picking strawberries can pick 100 baskets an hour,but the value of 20 baskets is all it costs the employer to pay them their hourly wages.According to Karl Marx,the income the employer collects from the extra baskets is
A) cultural capital.
B) surplus value.
C) endogamy.
D) wealth.

Accepted Answer

According to Karl Marx, surplus value is the difference between the value produced by labor and the wages paid to labor. In this case, the employer collects income from the extra baskets beyond what is needed to cover wages, which represents surplus value.

Question 18

Today people are taken against their will and forced to work as bricklayers in Pakistan or as sex workers in Thailand.According to the textbook,these examples are best described as
A) modern-day slavery.
B) a caste system based on occupation.
C) cheap labor in a capitalist system.
D) the worst occupations in a class system.

Accepted Answer

These examples are best described as modern-day slavery because they involve coercion and exploitation, where individuals are forced to work against their will.

Question 19

According to the textbook,what is one of the reasons that slavery does not exist in most societies around the world today?
A) It is an inefficient economic system.
B) Slaves are too expensive to buy.
C) The Civil War outlawed it.
D) Around the world,slavery has always been considered immoral.

Accepted Answer

Slavery is considered an inefficient economic system because it relies on forced labor, which is less productive and innovative compared to free labor. This inefficiency has contributed to its decline in most societies.

Question 20

In systems of stratification,people are typically ranked by
A) personality.
B) social categories.
C) intelligence.
D) social capital.

Accepted Answer

In systems of stratification, people are typically ranked by social categories, such as race, gender, class, or ethnicity.

Quiz 7: Stratification,class,and Inequality

One of the main differences between Marx's and Weber's understanding of social class is that

The money a person gets from a wage,salary,or investments is ;the assets an individual owns are .

Caste systems like the one in India require that individuals marry within their social group.This is referred to as

Karl Marx called those who own the means of production and those who make their living by selling their own labor power for a wage .

Oprah Winfrey was born into poverty and raised by a single mother,yet today she is one of the richest women in America.According to the textbook,the social position we are born into affects our life chances,but our class position is also

According to Karl Marx,the working class in industrialized countries would remain poor and live near subsistence level.Marx was right about the persistence of poverty in industrialized countries,but he was wrong in thinking that

The social honor or prestige that other members of society accord to individuals is referred to as

What does Max Weber mean by a "pariah group"?

We can conclude that one of the main differences between a society based on caste versus one based on class is that

Davis and Moore's explanation of class stratification differs from that of Marx and Weber because

A stratification system in which certain people are owned as property is known as

Which of the following is an example of a caste system?

From 1977 to 2016,the richest 20 percent saw its income rise ,while the poorest 20 percent saw its income rise by .

Scholars believe that ______ has encouraged a shift to class-based systems in countries such as India that have been traditionally caste-based systems.

Andrew is a twenty-something,currently unemployed Jewish male from a wealthy background.Louis is a thirty-year-old Puerto Rican man who currently works in retail.In addition to class,which other difference might Max Weber point to in attempting to understand their respective social positions?

Suheir Shedd is a university professor.Which of the following would constitute her wealth?

Workers picking strawberries can pick 100 baskets an hour,but the value of 20 baskets is all it costs the employer to pay them their hourly wages.According to Karl Marx,the income the employer collects from the extra baskets is

Today people are taken against their will and forced to work as bricklayers in Pakistan or as sex workers in Thailand.According to the textbook,these examples are best described as

According to the textbook,what is one of the reasons that slavery does not exist in most societies around the world today?

In systems of stratification,people are typically ranked by