Question 1

According to Weber, every ________ whether a church or a political party shares these common characteristics: specialization and a division of labour, hierarchy of authority, rules and regulations, impersonality, technical competence, and formal communications.

Accepted Answer

bureaucracy

Question 2

Corporations, schools, government agencies, and even political parties are examples of ________ organizations.

Accepted Answer

formal

Question 3

Goldthorpe found in his classic studies that some workers respond to the alienating aspects of the work situation in a/an ________ fashion, in which people think that if they have to work under monotonous and undesirable conditions, then they had better be paid well so they can enjoy their leisure time.

Accepted Answer

instrumentalist

Question 4

________ exists alongside formal organization and consists of the activities that people engage in that are not explicitly expected of them but that they find necessary to carry out their day-to-day tasks.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ exists alongside formal organization and consists...

Question 5

The common trend driving organization change in recent years called ________, describes capitalist societies' preoccupation with constantly increasing efficiency. One form of this trend has adopted terminology from a popular fast-food restaurant, claiming that a 'fast-food' type of mentality is being seen across other sectors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The common trend driving organization change in...

Question 6

In the nineteenth century Marx warned that one effect of the shift to an industrialized society would be social discontent, which in turn would lead to the ________ class taking control of the entire social system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the nineteenth century Marx warned that...

Question 7

According to Marx, industrialization was leading to a situation in which workers were increasingly directed on how and when to do what task. This leads to ________, in which workers have no say in the decisions of how to employ their abilities, and thus, the purposive and conceptual nature of human work is lost.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Marx, industrialization was leading to...

Question 8

The term ________ describes the process by which a firm reduces the number of employees, while trying to keep returns on invested capital at the same level or, preferably higher.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term ________ describes the process by...

Question 9

The example of early hunter-gatherer societies in which women often gathered food and needed material daily, while men left for longer periods on hunting trips, and older adults cared for the children demonstrate the ________ by gender and age.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The example of early hunter-gatherer societies in...

Question 10

Human work is different from animal work in two ways. To begin with, humans conceptualize the end product before they even pick up a tool. Secondly, human work is purposive and ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Human work is different from animal work...

Question 11

Marx wrote in his Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 that a detailed division of labour would destroy the ________ of work.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Marx wrote in his Economic and Philosophic...

Question 12

Michels argued that a/an ________ exists such that even in democratic organizations, be they socialist or capitalist, rule by the many will inevitably become rule by the few.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Michels argued that a/an ________ exists such...

Question 13

________ describes the situation in which people in different social categories tend to do different kinds of work.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ describes the situation in which people...

Question 14

Weber spent a great deal of energy trying to understand organizations and particularly something he called ________, a special type of complex organization characterized by an explicit set of rules and a hierarchy of authority.

Accepted Answer

Weber focused on bureaucracy, which he defined as a complex organization with a clear hierarchy and set of rules.

Question 15

The theory that assumes organizational structures emerge from the meaningful interactions of persons who are negotiating and navigating among each other is known as:

Accepted Answer

Negotiated order theory posits that organizational structures and processes emerge from the ongoing negotiations and interactions among individuals within the organization.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of human work?

Accepted Answer

Human work is typically purposeful, conscious, involves planning or conceptualization, and often involves making physical materials more useful. Instinctual behavior is not a characteristic of human work, as it implies actions done without conscious thought or planning.

Question 17

Corporations, schools, and government agencies are examples of what type of organizations?

Accepted Answer

Corporations, schools, and government agencies are examples of formal organizations, which are structured and have specific rules and regulations.

Question 18

Taylor stated in his book, The Principles of Scientific Management, that all "brainwork" must be removed from the shop floor and placed in the hands of ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Taylor stated in his book, The Principles...

Question 19

In his book, Political Parties, Michels argued that an iron law of oligarchy exists such that even in democratic organizations, be they socialist or capitalist, rule by the many will inevitably become rule by the:

Accepted Answer

Michels' "iron law of oligarchy" posits that all forms of organization, regardless of how democratic they are at the start, will eventually and inevitably develop oligarchic tendencies, meaning they will be ruled by a small group of people (the few).

Question 20

Durkheim studied the division of labour and wrote that it would lead to ________, a special problem where people would feel atomized and experience a sense of normlessness.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Durkheim studied the division of labour and...

Quiz 14: Organizations and Work