Question 1

________ ________ describe the actual procedures or operations used to measure theoretical concepts.
A) Variable languages
B) Inference testing
C) Spurious samples
D) Manipulated definitions
E) Operational definitions

Accepted Answer

Operational definitions describe the specific procedures or operations used to measure and define theoretical concepts in research.

Question 2

________ logic involves making connecting links between related theoretical statements.

Accepted Answer

Axiomatic

Question 3

________ refers to how well experimenters can generalize from the lab to the real world, from hypothetical questions to actual behaviour.

Accepted Answer

external validity

Question 4

________ is the application of several research methods to the same topic, in the hope that the weaknesses of one method will be balanced by the strength of the others.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is the application of several research...

Question 5

Durkheim adopted a position called ________, meaning that he wanted to use the research methods of the natural sciences, appropriately adapted, for the social sciences.
A) Positivism
B) Constructivism
C) Observational
D) Socialist
E) Scientology

Accepted Answer

Durkheim adopted positivism, which is the belief that the social sciences should be studied using the same scientific methods as the natural sciences.

Question 6

________ means that repeated measurements of the same variable with the same or equivalent instruments should be equal.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ means that repeated measurements of the...

Question 7

________ research involves collecting data on independent and dependent variables at the same time.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ research involves collecting data on independent...

Question 8

Theory rooted in and arising from data collected by the researcher is known as ________ theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Theory rooted in and arising from data...

Question 9

________ logic involves deriving a specific statement from a more general statement.
A) Axiomatic
B) Operational
C) Deductive
D) Inductive
E) Rational

Accepted Answer

Deductive logic involves deriving a specific conclusion from a general statement or premise.

Question 10

When conducting research, a sociologist's own personal experience is not ________ enough to produce accurate statements about the larger society.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When conducting research, a sociologist's own personal...

Question 11

Sociologists often formulate hypotheses that Variable A is related to Variable B with "other things being equal", where the "other things" are termed ________ variables.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sociologists often formulate hypotheses that Variable A...

Question 12

A ________ sample is derived from a population by pure chance, and is designed to provide a miniature picture of that population.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ________ sample is derived from a...

Question 13

________ analysis involves the examination of themes from communications such as conversations, letters, newspapers, books or movies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ analysis involves the examination of themes...

Question 14

A/an ________ is a set of interrelated statements that organizes and summarizes knowledge about some part of the social world.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A/an ________ is a set of interrelated...

Question 15

Most quantitative sociologists never actually:
A) publish their results
B) observe the behaviour of the people they study
C) worry about reliability and validity
D) develop comprehensive hypotheses and theories
E) use survey data

Accepted Answer

Quantitative sociologists typically rely on numerical data and statistical methods rather than direct observation of behavior.

Question 16

A ________ for sociologists is something (like income or religion) that takes on different values in different groups.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ________ for sociologists is something (like...

Question 17

Counting and precise measurement of observable behaviour, concentration on a limited number of variables, and prediction are all hallmarks of a ________ approach to sociology.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Counting and precise measurement of observable behaviour,...

Question 18

Using the method of ________, a researcher asks permission to join and observe a group and to question its members about the meanings of their behaviour.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using the method of ________, a researcher...

Question 19

Weber argued that the social sciences should not borrow research methods from the natural sciences because humans engage in meaningful, goal-directed behaviour, called ________.
A) experimentation
B) democracy
C) social action
D) cooperation
E) distortion

Accepted Answer

Weber believed that social sciences should focus on understanding social action, which is meaningful and goal-directed behavior, rather than using methods from natural sciences that may not capture the subjective meanings behind human actions.

Question 20

________ definitions describe the actual procedures or operations used to measure theoretical concepts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ definitions describe the actual procedures or...

Quiz 2: Research Methods

________ ________ describe the actual procedures or operations used to measure theoretical concepts.