Question 1

In which layer of the skin are fat cells located?
A) Epidermis
B) Dermis
C) Subcutaneous layer
D) Fascia beneath the skin

Accepted Answer

The subcutaneous layer, also known as the hypodermis, is the layer of skin where fat cells are primarily located.

Question 2

A patient wants to know which malignant skin lesion is the most serious. What is the correct response?
A) Basal cell carcinoma
B) Squamous cell carcinoma
C) Kaposi sarcoma (KS)
D) Malignant melanoma

Accepted Answer

Malignant melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer due to its high potential to spread to other parts of the body and cause death if not treated early.

Question 3

A 45-year-old male presents with a chronic blister-forming disease of the skin and oral mucous membranes. The nurse would recognize this condition as:
A) lupus erythematosus.
B) pemphigus.
C) psoriasis.
D) eczema.

Accepted Answer

Pemphigus is a chronic blister-forming disease of the skin and oral mucous membranes, characterized by the presence of autoantibodies that attack desmogleins, which are adhesive proteins located in the epidermis and mucous membranes. Lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that can affect the skin, joints, kidneys, and other organs. Psoriasis is a non-infectious, chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by well-defined erythematous plaques with silvery scales. Eczema is a group of inflammatory skin conditions characterized by itchy, red, and scaly rashes.

Question 4

What is the cause of pityriasis rosea?
A) Parasite
B) Virus
C) Bacteria
D) Fungus

Accepted Answer

Pityriasis rosea is believed to be caused by a viral infection, specifically associated with human herpesvirus 6 or 7.

Question 5

For a patient with candidiasis, which factor will exacerbate the condition?
A) Poor hygiene
B) Older age
C) Systemic antibiotics
D) Anemia

Accepted Answer

Systemic antibiotics can disrupt the normal flora of the body, leading to an overgrowth of Candida and exacerbation of the condition. Poor hygiene and older age may contribute to the development of candidiasis, but they are not specific factors that exacerbate the condition. Anemia does not have a direct impact on candidiasis.

Question 6

Which cells are involved in initiating immune responses in the skin?
A) Langerhans cells
B) Merkel cells
C) Keratinocytes
D) Melanocyte

Accepted Answer

Langerhans cells are specialized immune cells found in the skin that are involved in initiating immune responses by presenting antigen to T cells. They are considered as the first line of defense against invading pathogens in the skin.

Question 7

A 42-year-old female presents with raised red lesions with a brownish scale. She was diagnosed with discoid lupus erythematosus. This disorder is related to:
A) infection.
B) trauma.
C) autoimmunity.
D) cancer.

Accepted Answer

Discoid lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the skin, characterized by raised red lesions with a brownish scale. It is caused by a malfunctioning immune system attacking healthy tissues.

Question 8

A 52-year-old female diagnosed with systemic scleroderma will likely present with which manifestation?
A) Cutaneous vasculitis
B) Raynaud phenomenon
C) Cellulitis
D) Infection

Accepted Answer

Raynaud phenomenon is a common manifestation in systemic scleroderma, characterized by episodic vasospasm of the small arteries, often triggered by cold or stress.

Question 9

Of the sweat glands, the _____ glands are most abundant in the axillae and genital areas.
A) eccrine
B) apocrine
C) sebaceous
D) subcutaneous

Accepted Answer

Apocrine glands are found mainly in the axillae and genital areas and secrete a thicker, milkier sweat compared to eccrine glands found throughout the rest of the body. Sebaceous glands secrete oil for lubrication of skin and hair, while subcutaneous tissue is not a type of gland, but a layer of fat beneath the skin.

Question 10

If a patient has carbuncles, where will the infection will be located?
A) Hair follicles
B) Papillary layer of the dermis
C) Reticular layer of the dermis
D) Subcutaneous tissue

Accepted Answer

Carbuncles are clusters of boils caused by bacterial infection, typically involving hair follicles.

Question 11

When assessing a patient diagnosed with localized scleroderma, which changes in the skin will be observed?
A) Cyanosis
B) Hyperpigmented
C) Necrosis
D) Thickening

Accepted Answer

Localized scleroderma is characterized by thickening of the skin and underlying tissues. Cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin) and necrosis (tissue death) are not typical features of this condition. Hyperpigmentation (excessive skin pigmentation) may occur in some cases but is not a defining characteristic.

Question 12

A wound scar that is sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, and progressively enlarging is a result of excessive amounts of _____ accumulated during connective tissue repair.
A) elastin
B) collagen
C) keratin
D) calcification

Accepted Answer

Excessive amounts of collagen fibers are responsible for the formation of raised and irregular scars. Elastin is not typically found in scar tissue, keratin is a protein found in hair, skin, and nails and is not involved in scar formation, and calcification refers to the accumulation of calcium in tissue and is not a typical component of scars.

Question 13

What type of skin is most prone to keloid?
A) Darkly pigmented skin
B) Freckled skin
C) Pale skin
D) Immunocompromised skin

Accepted Answer

Darkly pigmented skin is more prone to keloid formation due to genetic and biological factors that affect collagen production and wound healing.

Question 14

A 50-year-old male recently underwent a liver transplant and is taking immunosuppressive drugs. He now has painful vesicular eruptions on the face and trunk. He reports that he had chicken pox as a child. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis based on his chicken pox history?
A) Erysipelas
B) Poliomyelitis
C) Warts
D) Herpes zoster

Accepted Answer

The painful vesicular eruptions on the face and trunk in a patient who had chicken pox as a child is most likely indicative of herpes zoster (shingles) infection. The immunosuppressive drugs after liver transplant may have caused a reactivation of the varicella zoster virus that causes chicken pox.

Question 15

A 40-year-old is diagnosed with skin cancer. It is explained that the most important risk factor for skin cancer is:
A) chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
B) amount of sun exposure over age 50.
C) vitamin D deficiency.
D) living in equatorial regions where the sun is most intense.

Accepted Answer

Chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds is the most significant risk factor for developing skin cancer.

Question 16

A 20-year-old female presents with vaginal itch and thin-walled pustular lesions and is diagnosed with candidiasis. What is this condition caused by?
A) Yeast-like fungus
B) Virus
C) Bacterium
D) Parasite

Accepted Answer

Candidiasis is caused by a yeast-like fungus, specifically Candida species, most commonly Candida albicans.

Question 17

A 13-year-old female is concerned about several pigmented skin lesions on her body. Her primary care provider tells her that these lesions must be monitored because of their ability to transform into malignant melanoma. What are these lesions referred to as?
A) Macules
B) Nevi
C) Plaques
D) Keloids

Accepted Answer

Nevi, commonly known as moles, are pigmented skin lesions that can potentially transform into malignant melanoma, especially if they change in size, shape, or color.

Question 18

To promote efficient wound healing, which dressing should be applied to a superficial ulcer?
A) Thick and dry
B) Flat and moist
C) Bulky and dry
D) None

Accepted Answer

A superficial ulcer benefits from a moist wound environment, as this promotes efficient wound healing. Flat and moist dressings, such as hydrogel or foam dressings, help maintain moisture in the wound bed and allow for efficient healing. Thick and dry dressings can cause further trauma to the wound and delay healing, while bulky and dry dressings can lead to increased friction and pressure, which can also hinder healing. Therefore, option B is the best choice. Option D is also a possibility if the wound is best left uncovered.

Question 19

An increase in _____ is associated with pruritus.
A) substance P
B) norepinephrine
C) dopamine
D) histamine

Accepted Answer

Histamine is a well-known mediator that can cause itching (pruritus) when released in the skin.

Question 20

A 25-year-old paralyzed male develops a dermal pressure ulcer. When assessing the patient's skin, which finding is the first indication of this ulcer?
A) Redness
B) Whiteness
C) Indurations
D) Ulceration

Accepted Answer

Redness, also known as erythema, is the first indication of a dermal pressure ulcer. It is important to identify and address this early sign to prevent further damage and progression to more severe stages of pressure ulcers.

Quiz 41: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

In which layer of the skin are fat cells located?

A patient wants to know which malignant skin lesion is the most serious. What is the correct response?

A 45-year-old male presents with a chronic blister-forming disease of the skin and oral mucous membranes. The nurse would recognize this condition as:

What is the cause of pityriasis rosea?

For a patient with candidiasis, which factor will exacerbate the condition?

Which cells are involved in initiating immune responses in the skin?

A 42-year-old female presents with raised red lesions with a brownish scale. She was diagnosed with discoid lupus erythematosus. This disorder is related to:

A 52-year-old female diagnosed with systemic scleroderma will likely present with which manifestation?

Of the sweat glands, the _____ glands are most abundant in the axillae and genital areas.

If a patient has carbuncles, where will the infection will be located?

When assessing a patient diagnosed with localized scleroderma, which changes in the skin will be observed?

A wound scar that is sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, and progressively enlarging is a result of excessive amounts of _____ accumulated during connective tissue repair.

What type of skin is most prone to keloid?

A 50-year-old male recently underwent a liver transplant and is taking immunosuppressive drugs. He now has painful vesicular eruptions on the face and trunk. He reports that he had chicken pox as a child. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis based on his chicken pox history?

A 40-year-old is diagnosed with skin cancer. It is explained that the most important risk factor for skin cancer is:

A 20-year-old female presents with vaginal itch and thin-walled pustular lesions and is diagnosed with candidiasis. What is this condition caused by?

A 13-year-old female is concerned about several pigmented skin lesions on her body. Her primary care provider tells her that these lesions must be monitored because of their ability to transform into malignant melanoma. What are these lesions referred to as?

To promote efficient wound healing, which dressing should be applied to a superficial ulcer?

An increase in _____ is associated with pruritus.

A 25-year-old paralyzed male develops a dermal pressure ulcer. When assessing the patient's skin, which finding is the first indication of this ulcer?