Question 1

What is the primary organism responsible for osteomyelitis?
A) Staphylococcus aureus
B) Salmonella
C) Mycobacterium
D) Haemophilus influenza

Accepted Answer

Staphylococcus aureus is the most common organism responsible for osteomyelitis, accounting for up to 80% of cases. Salmonella and Mycobacterium can also cause osteomyelitis, but are less common. Haemophilus influenza is not a common cause of osteomyelitis.

Question 2

Which clinical finding would be expected in the patient with rhabdomyolysis?
A) Sweating
B) Dark urine
C) Yellow colour to the skin
D) Lower extremity swelling

Accepted Answer

Rhabdomyolysis leads to the release of myoglobin into the bloodstream, which can cause dark urine due to myoglobinuria.

Question 3

The incidence of fractures of the pelvis is highest in:
A) preadolescent boys.
B) adolescent boys.
C) adolescent girls.
D) older adults.

Accepted Answer

The incidence of fractures of the pelvis is highest in older adults due to the increased risk of falls and decreased bone density associated with aging. Preadolescent and adolescent boys and girls have a lower risk of pelvic fractures.

Question 4

What is osteomalacia a result of?
A) Collagen breakdown in the bone matrix
B) Excessive bone resorption
C) Crowding of bone marrow by excessive bone growth
D) Inadequate bone mineralization

Accepted Answer

Osteomalacia is caused by inadequate bone mineralization, often due to a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate, leading to softening of the bones.

Question 5

A 70-year-old diagnosed with osteoporosis stepped off a curb and fractured the left hip. Which term best describes the fracture?
A) Fatigue
B) Stress
C) Pathological
D) Greenstick

Accepted Answer

A pathological fracture occurs in bones weakened by disease, such as osteoporosis, making them more susceptible to fractures from minor trauma.

Question 6

A 35-year-old suffers a broken clavicle following a motor vehicle accident. X-ray reveals that the bone surfaces in the joint partially lost contact with each other. This condition is called:
A) dislocation.
B) subluxation.
C) distortion.
D) nonunion.

Accepted Answer

Subluxation is a partial dislocation where the bone surfaces in a joint partially lose contact with each other. Dislocation is a complete separation of the joint surfaces, distortion refers to a change in the shape of a body part, and nonunion refers to the failure of bone fragments to heal together.

Question 7

A 70-year-old female presents with a hip fracture secondary to osteoporosis. What is involved with osteoporosis?
A) Increased bone density
B) Lack of bone formation
C) Increased bone resorption
D) Increased mineralization

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis is characterized by increased bone resorption, which leads to decreased bone density and increased fracture risk.

Question 8

What term is used to describe a torn ligament?
A) Sprain
B) Strain
C) Disunion
D) Subluxation

Accepted Answer

A torn ligament is commonly known as a sprain.

Question 9

The diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis is based on the measurement of which laboratory value?
A) White blood cell count (WBC)
B) Antinuclear antibodies
C) Aspartate aminotransferase
D) Creatine kinase (CK)

Accepted Answer

The laboratory value measured in the diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis is creatine kinase (CK), as it is an enzyme released from damaged muscle tissue. Elevated levels of CK in the blood indicate muscle damage and can aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of rhabdomyolysis. White blood cell count and antinuclear antibodies are not specific to rhabdomyolysis and are not used in its diagnosis. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) may also be elevated in rhabdomyolysis, but CK is the preferred laboratory test for diagnosis.

Question 10

Osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease, is characterized by the loss of:
A) the epiphyses.
B) articular cartilage.
C) synovial fluid.
D) the joint capsule.

Accepted Answer

Osteoarthritis is primarily characterized by the degeneration and loss of articular cartilage in the joints.

Question 11

A 32-year-old obese male begins a jogging routine. A week after starting, he fractures his leg. This is referred to as what type of fracture?
A) Comminuted
B) Greenstick
C) Fatigue
D) Compound

Accepted Answer

A fatigue fracture, also known as a stress fracture, occurs due to repetitive stress or overuse, often seen in individuals who suddenly increase their activity level, like starting a jogging routine.

Question 12

What is the cause of Paget's disease?
A) Fluoride deficiency.
B) The cause is not fully known at present.
C) Excess vitamin A.
D) Osteogenic sarcoma.

Accepted Answer

The exact cause of Paget's disease is not fully understood, though it may involve genetic factors and possibly viral infections.

Question 13

A 34-year-old female was recently diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Where would the inflammation primarily take place?
A) Synovial membranes
B) Short bones
C) Subchondral bones
D) Bursae

Accepted Answer

Rheumatoid arthritis primarily causes inflammation in the synovial membranes, which are the linings of the joints.

Question 14

A person is admitted to the hospital with a transverse fracture of the femur. Which statement best describes this type of fracture?
A) The fracture line is parallel to the bone.
B) The fracture line is straight across the bone.
C) The fracture line is perpendicular to the bone.
D) The fracture line is vertical to the shaft of the bone.

Accepted Answer

The fracture line is straight across the bone.

Question 15

What is rheumatoid arthritis (RA) a result of?
A) An ineffective antiviral agent
B) An autoimmune disease
C) A complication of rheumatic fever
D) A superficial joint injury

Accepted Answer

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks the joints, causing inflammation and pain.

Question 16

Transchondral fractures are most prevalent in:
A) adolescents.
B) older adults.
C) infants.
D) premenopausal females.

Accepted Answer

Transchondral fractures, which occur within the cartilage of a joint, are most commonly seen in adolescents due to their growth and increased activity levels. Older adults are more susceptible to osteoarthritis and degenerative joint diseases, infants are not yet weight-bearing, and premenopausal females are not at a significantly higher risk for this type of fracture.

Question 17

A disorder similar to osteomalacia that occurs in growing bones of children is termed:
A) Paget's disease.
B) rickets.
C) osteomyelitis.
D) osteosarcoma.

Accepted Answer

Rickets is a disorder similar to osteomalacia that occurs in growing bones of children. It is caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, which is necessary for the absorption of calcium from the intestines.

Question 18

When a 70-year-old female presents with a hip fracture she is diagnosed with osteoporosis. One factor that most likely contributed to her condition is:
A) increased androgen levels.
B) decreased estrogen levels.
C) strenuous exercise.
D) excessive dietary calcium.

Accepted Answer

Decreased estrogen levels can lead to a decrease in bone density, making a woman more susceptible to osteoporosis and fracture. Androgen levels do not directly contribute to osteoporosis in females while excessive dietary calcium and strenuous exercise can improve bone density and strength.

Question 19

A 36-year-old reports pain and weakness in the elbow. MRI reveals inflammation of the tendon and the presence of microtears where it attaches to the distal humerus at the elbow joint. This condition is called:
A) periostitis.
B) muscle strain.
C) bursitis.
D) epicondylopathy.

Accepted Answer

Epicondylopathy, often referred to as tendinopathy or tendinitis, involves inflammation and microtears of the tendons at the elbow joint, typically where they attach to the distal humerus.

Question 20

A 56-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of osteomalacia. History reveals that he underwent bariatric surgery 3 years earlier. What is the common link between the surgery and the development of osteomalacia?
A) Impaired phosphate absorption
B) Increased calcium excretion
C) Vitamin D deficiency
D) Impaired vitamin C metabolism

Accepted Answer

Bariatric surgery can lead to malabsorption of vitamin D due to the decreased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. This can result in osteomalacia, which is a condition caused by a deficiency of vitamin D.

Quiz 39: Alterations of Musculo-Skeletal Function

What is the primary organism responsible for osteomyelitis?

Which clinical finding would be expected in the patient with rhabdomyolysis?

The incidence of fractures of the pelvis is highest in:

What is osteomalacia a result of?

A 70-year-old diagnosed with osteoporosis stepped off a curb and fractured the left hip. Which term best describes the fracture?

A 35-year-old suffers a broken clavicle following a motor vehicle accident. X-ray reveals that the bone surfaces in the joint partially lost contact with each other. This condition is called:

A 70-year-old female presents with a hip fracture secondary to osteoporosis. What is involved with osteoporosis?

What term is used to describe a torn ligament?

The diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis is based on the measurement of which laboratory value?

Osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease, is characterized by the loss of:

A 32-year-old obese male begins a jogging routine. A week after starting, he fractures his leg. This is referred to as what type of fracture?

What is the cause of Paget's disease?

A 34-year-old female was recently diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) . Where would the inflammation primarily take place?

A person is admitted to the hospital with a transverse fracture of the femur. Which statement best describes this type of fracture?

What is rheumatoid arthritis (RA) a result of?

Transchondral fractures are most prevalent in:

A disorder similar to osteomalacia that occurs in growing bones of children is termed:

When a 70-year-old female presents with a hip fracture she is diagnosed with osteoporosis. One factor that most likely contributed to her condition is:

A 36-year-old reports pain and weakness in the elbow. MRI reveals inflammation of the tendon and the presence of microtears where it attaches to the distal humerus at the elbow joint. This condition is called:

A 56-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of osteomalacia. History reveals that he underwent bariatric surgery 3 years earlier. What is the common link between the surgery and the development of osteomalacia?