Question 1

According to Wagner's SOP model,______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Wagner's SOP model,______.
...

Question 2

Which of the following individuals provided the most impressive support for sometimes-opponent-process theory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following individuals provided the...

Question 3

In drug addiction,the conditioned withdrawal reaction refers to ______.

Accepted Answer

The conditioned withdrawal reaction occurs when an individual experiences withdrawal symptoms in environments or situations where they have previously used the drug, due to associative learning.

Question 4

For individuals who are addicted,exposure to small doses of the drug ______.

Accepted Answer

Exposure to small doses of the drug initially produces more symptoms as a larger dose.

Question 5

Janice is an alcoholic who consumes alcohol in the living room of her house.Janice then decides to quit alcohol.However,whenever she enters her living room,she begins to crave alcohol.The reason for this includes ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Janice is an alcoholic who consumes alcohol...

Question 6

Why do people overdose from taking the same amounts of heroin?

Accepted Answer

Changing the environment reduces the conditioned opposing response, which can lead to overdose because the body is not prepared to counteract the drug's effects as it would in a familiar setting.

Question 7

According to Wagner,the Secondary A2 component of an unconditioned response elicited by an unconditioned stimulus ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Wagner,the Secondary A2 component of...

Question 8

According to Wagner,the Primary A1 component of the unconditioned response elicited by an unconditioned stimulus ______.

Accepted Answer

The Primary A1 component of the unconditioned response elicited by an unconditioned stimulus is elicited rapidly and decays slowly. This is because the A1 component is a short-latency, long-duration component that is thought to reflect the activation of the sensory pathways that are responsible for the unconditioned response.

Question 9

A theory to explain why some conditioned responses and conditioned responses are the same and some are different is called ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A theory to explain why some conditioned...

Question 10

According to Wagner,the unconditioned stimulus elicits ______ unconditioned responses.

Accepted Answer

According to Wagner's theory, an unconditioned stimulus can elicit two unconditioned responses: a primary response and a secondary response.

Question 11

In Pavlov's theory of conditioning,the conditioned response is ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Pavlov's theory of conditioning,the conditioned response...

Question 12

In morphine conditioning,Siegel has shown that the ______.

Accepted Answer

Siegel's research demonstrated that while the unconditioned response to morphine is analgesia (pain relief), the conditioned response can be hyperalgesia (increased sensitivity to pain) due to the body's compensatory mechanisms.

Question 13

When an animal is exposed to brief shock,initial reaction is hyperactivity followed by hypoactivity.If the CS is paired with the shock,the result is the ______.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is the conditioning of the freezing response known as the conditioned emotional response, which is a common reaction when a conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus like a shock.

Question 14

The AESOP model introduces the principle that ______.

Accepted Answer

The AESOP model suggests that each unconditioned stimulus elicits two distinct A2 reactions, one related to its emotive properties and the other to its sensory properties.

Question 15

Thompson examining air puffs to rabbit eyes found ______.

Accepted Answer

Thompson's research on air puffs to rabbit eyes identified a fast A1 response circuit followed by a slower A2 secondary circuit, indicating different processing speeds in response to stimuli.

Question 16

Jerry usually injects heroin in his bedroom listening to music.One day,Jerry went to a hotel room where he injected the same amount of heroin than he usually did in his bedroom.What will happen to Jerry?

Accepted Answer

Jerry is likely to overdose because he is in a new environment. His body is used to associating his bedroom with heroin use, which triggers a conditioned tolerance. In a new setting, this conditioned response is absent, increasing the risk of overdose.

Question 17

When animals are exposed to brief shock,their initial reaction is hyperactivity followed by hypoactivity.If a conditioned stimulus is paired with the shock,the results will be ______.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is C because when a conditioned stimulus is paired with a shock, animals often exhibit a conditioned emotional response, such as freezing, which is a form of hypoactivity. This is a well-documented phenomenon in classical conditioning studies.

Question 18

The most important assumption of Wagner's SOP model is that ______.

Accepted Answer

The most important assumption of Wagner's SOP model is that only the A2 component elicited by the unconditioned stimulus can be conditioned.

Question 19

Wagner and Brandon introduced AESOP to replace SOP because ______.

Accepted Answer

AESOP was introduced to account for the observation that different A2 responses (affective and sensory) elicited by the same unconditioned stimulus have different optimal CS-UCS intervals, which SOP could not adequately explain.

Question 20

According to the Rescorla-Wagner model,the conditioned strength is determined by the ability of the ______ to support conditioning.

Accepted Answer

The Rescorla-Wagner model posits that the strength of conditioning is determined by the unconditioned stimulus's ability to support conditioning, as it dictates the maximum associative strength that can be achieved.

Quiz 4: Theories of Pavlovian Conditioning