Question 1

During exercise, blood flow to skeletal muscles increases. What other blood flow changes occur?

Accepted Answer

During exercise, blood flow to coronary vessels increases to supply the heart with more oxygen, and blood flow to abdominal organs decreases as blood is redirected to the muscles and skin.

Question 2

High carbon dioxide levels and low pH in blood of the carotid arteries will stimulate

Accepted Answer

Chemoreceptors in the carotid arteries detect high carbon dioxide levels and low pH, signaling the vasomotor center to adjust blood vessel constriction and increase respiratory rate to restore homeostasis.

Question 3

Epinephrine, aldosterone, and antidiuretic hormone each cause an increase in blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine, aldosterone, and antidiuretic hormone all play roles in increasing blood pressure through vasoconstriction, sodium retention, and water reabsorption, respectively.

Question 4

Describe the changes in blood flow and pressure that result when someone engages in prolonged strenuous exercise. Indicate how pressure, flow, and resistance change systemically and in the skeletal muscles being used.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the changes in blood flow and...

Question 5

Angiotensin II causes

Accepted Answer

Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction, reduces urine formation by promoting sodium and water retention, and stimulates thirst to increase blood volume and pressure.

Question 6

Imagine a patient who loses lots of blood and therefore has less stretch of their aorta with each heartbeat. What reflex will result?

Accepted Answer

When blood volume decreases, baroreceptors decrease firing, leading to increased activity in the cardioacceleratory center, which increases heart rate and cardiac output to compensate for the reduced blood pressure.

Question 7

Pulmonary arteries are wider than systemic arteries. Therefore, pulmonary circuit blood pressure is

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary arteries are wider and have lower resistance, resulting in lower blood pressure in the pulmonary circuit. This allows blood to flow slowly through the pulmonary capillaries, maximizing gas exchange.

Question 8

The pulmonary trunk carries

Accepted Answer

The pulmonary trunk carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation.

Question 9

Increases in angiotensin II levels cause decreases in blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

Angiotensin II is a peptide hormone that increases blood pressure by causing blood vessels to constrict and stimulating the release of aldosterone, which increases sodium and water retention.

Question 10

Excitation of the vasomotor center results in

Accepted Answer

Excitation of the vasomotor center increases sympathetic activity, leading to more vasoconstriction, which raises blood pressure.

Question 11

Increased cardiac output ________ the blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

Increased cardiac output increases the amount of blood being pumped out of the heart per minute, which causes an increase in blood pressure.

Question 12

Atherosclerosis involves a

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis involves the buildup of plaques in the arteries, which increases resistance and can lead to higher arterial pressure to maintain blood flow.

Question 13

Renin converts

Accepted Answer

Renin is an enzyme that converts angiotensinogen, which is produced by the liver, into angiotensin I.

Question 14

The velocity of blood flow through capillaries is

Accepted Answer

The velocity of blood flow through capillaries is slow, which allows sufficient time for the exchange of gases and nutrients between blood and tissues. This is due to the large total cross-sectional area of capillaries, which reduces the velocity of blood flow.

Question 15

The aorta contains specialized sensory nerve endings that respond to stretch of the vessel wall. These pressure-sensitive structures are called aortic arch ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The aorta contains specialized sensory nerve endings...

Question 16

Blood velocity is measured in ________ and is generally ________ related to total cross-sectional area of blood vessels.

Accepted Answer

Blood velocity is measured in cm/second and is inversely related to the total cross-sectional area of blood vessels. As the cross-sectional area increases, such as in capillaries, the velocity decreases.

Question 17

Aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide have ________ effects on blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone increases blood pressure by promoting sodium and water retention, while atrial natriuretic peptide decreases blood pressure by promoting sodium and water excretion.

Question 18

Pulmonary veins carry blood toward the left atrium of the heart.

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart, which is unique as most veins carry deoxygenated blood.

Question 19

The cardiac center of the brainstem includes the

Accepted Answer

The cardioacceleratory center in the brainstem is responsible for increasing heart rate and force of contraction through sympathetic pathways.

Question 20

Atrial natriuretic peptide stimulates

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) causes vasodilation and increases urine output, which leads to a decrease in blood pressure.

Quiz 20: Cardiovascular System: Vessels and Circulation