Question 1

How does a shark's cardiovascular system differ from that of a mammal?

Accepted Answer

Sharks have a single-circuit circulatory system where the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the gills for oxygenation, and then the oxygenated blood is distributed to the rest of the body, unlike mammals which have a double-circuit system.

Question 2

Which of these animals has a double circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

Dogs, like all mammals, have a double circulatory system, which includes separate pulmonary and systemic circuits.

Question 3

A heart murmur occurs when there is a defect in ________.

Accepted Answer

Heart murmurs are typically caused by defects or abnormalities in the heart valves, which can lead to turbulent blood flow.

Question 4

Plasma is where we could find ________ in the blood.

Accepted Answer

Plasma is the liquid component of blood that carries hormones, nutrients, and waste products. White blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets are suspended in plasma but are not found in it as dissolved substances.

Question 5

Red blood cells lack nuclei and other organelles which allows them to ________.

Accepted Answer

The absence of nuclei and other organelles in red blood cells provides more space for hemoglobin, which is essential for oxygen transport.

Question 6

Trace the path of a red blood cell in a circuit that takes it from the capillary bed of the right kidney to the capillary bed of the left kidney. Assume that you are doing this for an animal with a double circulation system.

Accepted Answer

The correct path for a red blood cell in a double circulation system is from the capillary bed of the right kidney through venules and veins to the right atrium, then to the right ventricle, through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs, back via pulmonary veins to the left atrium, then to the left ventricle, through the aorta, arteries, and arterioles to the capillary bed of the left kidney.

Question 7

Blood pressure that is consistently ________ or higher would indicate that you have hypertension.

Accepted Answer

A blood pressure reading of 140/90 mmHg or higher is considered hypertension according to most medical guidelines.

Question 8

Which of these carry(ies)oxygen-poor blood?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary arteries carry oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.

Question 9

Why is blood pressure higher during systole than during diastole?

Accepted Answer

During systole, the heart contracts, pushing blood out into the arteries, which increases the pressure against the arterial walls, resulting in higher blood pressure compared to diastole, when the heart relaxes.

Question 10

Blood pressure is lowest in ________.

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure is lowest in veins because they are farthest from the heart and have the least resistance to blood flow.

Question 11

One type of electrical defect in the heart is a delay in the electrical signal from the sinoatrial node to the relay point. Predict the effect of this defect on the cardiac cycle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One type of electrical defect in the...

Question 12

Which is a characteristic of open circulatory systems but NOT closed circulatory systems?

Accepted Answer

Open circulatory systems have open-ended vessels where the blood is not always contained within blood vessels, unlike closed circulatory systems where blood circulates within a closed network of vessels.

Question 13

Veins carry ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Veins carry ________.
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Question 14

What is one way in which the cardiovascular system of a mammal is different than that of an arthropod such as an insect?

Accepted Answer

Mammals have a closed circulatory system where blood is always contained within vessels, whereas insects have an open circulatory system where blood can leave the vessels and flow into body cavities.

Question 15

The basic rhythm of the heartbeat is set by the ________.

Accepted Answer

The sinoatrial node is a group of cells in the right atrium of the heart that generates the electrical impulses that cause the heart to contract. These impulses travel through the heart's conduction system, causing the atria and ventricles to contract in a coordinated manner.

Question 16

If your blood pressure were 120/70, it would mean that ________.

Accepted Answer

The first number (120) represents systolic pressure, which is the pressure in your arteries when your heart beats. The second number (70) represents diastolic pressure, which is the pressure in your arteries when your heart rests between beats.

Question 17

In humans, oxygen is delivered from the environment to the cells of the body by ________.

Accepted Answer

Humans have a closed circulatory system where blood circulates through a network of vessels, delivering oxygen to cells.

Question 18

Animals such as hydras and jellies can exchange gases directly with the environment by ________.

Accepted Answer

Hydras and jellies exchange gases directly with the environment through diffusion, which is the passive movement of gases from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 19

In animals with a closed circulatory system, gas exchange occurs across the thin walls of ________.

Accepted Answer

In animals with a closed circulatory system, gas exchange occurs across the thin walls of capillaries, which are the smallest blood vessels and have walls thin enough to allow for the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between blood and tissues.

Question 20

Which blood vessels have thin, leaky walls?

Accepted Answer

Capillaries have thin, leaky walls that allow for the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste between blood and tissues.

Quiz 23: Circulation and Respiration