Question 1

Francis Bacon did not
A)base his knowledge on experimentation.
B)use an inductive approach to science.
C)believe in carefully controlled observations.
D)eliminate God from his studies.
E)feel that if one starts with a certainty, one will end in doubt.

Accepted Answer

Francis Bacon did not eliminate God from his studies. In fact, he believed that knowledge of God was the ultimate goal of science.

Question 2

The creation of a binomial naming system was important because it
A)explained the beauty and orderliness of God's creation.
B)renamed all known plants according to genus and species.
C)established the order of plants according to the areas where plants were found.
D)arranged all plants according to kingdom and class.
E)classified plants as natural and hybrid.

Accepted Answer

The binomial naming system, also known as the Linnaean system, allowed for the naming and organization of all known plants according to their genus and species. This system made it easier for scientists to communicate and share information about various plant species, ultimately advancing the study and understanding of plants.

Question 3

Seventeenth-century Europe saw the emergence of a group of intellectuals known as the "ancients" who emphasized the authority of
A)the Bible.
B)Plato.
C)human reason.
D)Aristotle.
E)Joseph Banks.

Accepted Answer

The "ancients" emphasized the authority of Aristotle, who was seen as the pinnacle of knowledge and wisdom in various fields including philosophy, politics, and science. They believed that his teachings and methods should be followed and revered, often at the expense of new ideas or approaches.

Question 4

Who said "All our knowledge begins with the senses,proceeds then to the understanding,and ends with reason.There is nothing higher than reason"?
A)Aristotle
B)Plato
C)Immanuel Kant
D)Galileo Galilei
E)René Descartes

Accepted Answer

Immanuel Kant is the philosopher who made this statement, emphasizing his belief in the primacy of reason in the acquisition of knowledge.

Question 5

Which of these statements about Banks's interests is FALSE?
A)He brought back from his travel a  collection of exotic flora.
B)He classified and cataloged his findings in a systematic manner.
C)He felt  a need to name and describe natural phenomena so as to clarify familial relationships in nature.
D)He brought back from his travels numerous drawings of plant and animal life, which helped to expand European knowledge of the natural world.
E)He made military observations.

Accepted Answer

There is no mention of Banks having any interest in making military observations.

Question 6

Who defined himself as "first servant of the state"?
A)Louis XIV of France
B)George III
C)John Locke
D)Frederick the Great
E)Frederick Barbarossa

Accepted Answer

Frederick the Great of Prussia described himself as the "first servant of the state," emphasizing his role in serving and improving his country.

Question 7

Upon the return from his journeys,Banks became a vocal advocate of
A)evolution.
B)British settlements in Australia.
C)the natural rights of indigenous peoples.
D)settlement in New Zealand.
E)voyages for purely scientific goals.

Accepted Answer

Joseph Banks, after his journeys, became a strong advocate for British settlements in Australia, promoting the colonization of the continent.

Question 8

The three journeys of Captain Cook played a fundamental role in advancing the expansion of the
A)Spanish empire.
B)British empire.
C)French empire.
D)Polynesian empire.
E)Austrian empire.

Accepted Answer

Captain Cook's voyages were sponsored by the British government with the aim of expanding British territorial and economic interests. The voyages resulted in the colonization of new territories and the establishment of trade networks, contributing significantly to the growth of the British Empire.

Question 9

Which of these statements about Isaac Newton is FALSE?
A)His work in optics led to more powerful telescopes.
B)He became associated with the development of differential calculus.
C)He described a predictable world based on gravity.
D)He proposed the law of acceleration and deceleration of bodies in motion.
E)He upset church authorities with his publications.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of these statements about Isaac Newton...

Question 10

Who wrote,"If a man will begin with certainties,he shall end in doubts; but if he will be content to begin with doubts he shall end in certainties"?
A)Isaac Newton
B)Francis Bacon
C)Immanuel Kant
D)Galileo Galilei
E)René Descartes

Accepted Answer

This quote is attributed to Francis Bacon, an English philosopher and statesman who lived during the late 16th and early 17th centuries. Bacon is known for developing the scientific method and is often called the father of empiricism.

Question 11

For Linnaeus,the orderly relationship among living things demonstrated the
A)inherent rationality of the cosmos.
B)absence of a God.
C)harmony of God's creation.
D)need for binomial classification.
E)impossibility for man to classify them.

Accepted Answer

Linnaeus saw the orderly relationship among living things as evidence of the harmony of God's creation, reflecting his belief in a divine order in nature.

Question 12

All of the following are associated with Descartes EXCEPT the notion that
A)inherited thought is superior to rational thought.
B)rationality is associated with mathematics, producing a unified system of truth.
C)systematic doubt is a key of knowledge.
D)the ability to perceive the rational order of creation should be grounded in reasoning.
E)one should use the deductive approach to truth and reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Descartes did not believe that inherited thought was superior to rational thought. Instead, he believed that reason and deduction were the keys to understanding truth and knowledge.

Question 13

Seventeenth-century Europe saw the emergence of a new intellectual group known as the "moderns" who believed
A)in the authority of the works of Aristotle.
B)that knowledge progressed through reasoning.
C)that classical authors should be the foundation of all sciences.
D)that man's knowledge was directly tied to God.
E)that science and knowledge was the creation of God.

Accepted Answer

The "moderns" believed that knowledge progressed through reasoning, which suggests a departure from the traditional authority of classical authors like Aristotle and a focus on empirical inquiry as the foundation of knowledge. The options D and E are partly correct, but they do not fully capture the beliefs of the "moderns." While the "moderns" believed in God, they did not see science and knowledge as simply the creation of God, but rather as a product of human reason and inquiry. Option C reflects a more traditional perspective on the role of classical authors in shaping knowledge.

Question 14

What made the development of science so revolutionary from a global standpoint?
A)It led to innovations that were easily adopted by rich and poor countries alike.
B)It introduced the theory that the sun rotated around the earth.
C)It inspired various that increased the political and military power of Europeans.
D)It led to the birth of the modern laboratory.
E)It discouraged exploration and instead fostered domestic study.

Accepted Answer

The development of science was revolutionary globally because it inspired advancements that increased the political and military power of Europeans, allowing them to exert influence and control over other parts of the world.

Question 15

The agricultural revolution in England triggered all of these changes EXCEPT
A)more arable land for planting.
B)urbanization.
C)greater efficiency in production.
D)an increase in food supplies.
E)increased loans to small farmers to reclaim marginal land.

Accepted Answer

Increased loans to small farmers to reclaim marginal land is not a direct effect of the agricultural revolution in England. Other changes such as more arable land, urbanization, greater efficiency in production, and an increase in food supplies were all consequences of the agricultural revolution.

Question 16

Why was George III called "the farmer king"?
A)The people of his kingdom were mostly farmers.
B)In his youth, he had been a farmer.
C)His parents were farmers.
D)He had a keen nostalgia for the bucolic world.
E)He eagerly supported efforts to apply discoveries of natural science to agriculture.

Accepted Answer

George III was interested in applying the discoveries of natural science to agriculture, and he eagerly supported such efforts. This earned him the nickname "the farmer king."

Question 17

For medieval Europeans (before 1543),the main authority on anatomy had been
A)Islamic physicians.
B)the Chinese Book of Medicine.
C)the Dutch book, Tabulae Anatomicae.
D)Galen.
E)the Catholic Church.

Accepted Answer

For medieval Europeans, the main authority on anatomy had been Galen, a Greek physician who lived in the 2nd century AD. Galen's works were translated into Latin and became the most influential medical texts in the Western world for over a thousand years. Physicians and scholars relied heavily on Galen's anatomical knowledge until the Renaissance when new anatomical discoveries were made.

Question 18

What did Newton and his followers believe about the universe?
A)The universe is not a self-functioning ordered system.
B)The universe is not perfect.
C)The universe is divinely created and only understandable to humanity through reasoning.
D)The universe is not created by God.
E)The universe is a perfect clock that needs no further interference to function well.

Accepted Answer

Newton and his followers believed that the universe was divinely created and that it could be understood by humans through reasoning and scientific inquiry.

Question 19

Linnaeus's Systema Naturae did NOT
A)lay out a classification of plants.
B)result in religious conclusions.
C)group species into hierarchies of increasingly more general categories.
D)refer to genus/order/class/kingdom categories.
E)allow for any new plant to be placed in a well-ordered system.

Accepted Answer

Linnaeus's Systema Naturae was a purely scientific work and did not include any religious conclusions.

Question 20

Which of these actions made Captain Cook famous at that time?
A)Claiming Tahiti as a British territory
B)Surviving a three-year journey at sea
C)Being one of the few men of the time who had sailed around the world
D)Bringing back several indigenous people from Tahiti
E)Finding riches on his three-year journey

Accepted Answer

Captain Cook's fame during his lifetime was mainly due to his achievement of being one of the few men to have sailed around the world, charting new territories and making important scientific discoveries along the way.

Quiz 7: European Science and the Foundations of Modern Imperialism, 1600–1820

Francis Bacon did not

The creation of a binomial naming system was important because it

Seventeenth-century Europe saw the emergence of a group of intellectuals known as the "ancients" who emphasized the authority of

Who said "All our knowledge begins with the senses,proceeds then to the understanding,and ends with reason.There is nothing higher than reason"?

Which of these statements about Banks's interests is FALSE?

Who defined himself as "first servant of the state"?

Upon the return from his journeys,Banks became a vocal advocate of

The three journeys of Captain Cook played a fundamental role in advancing the expansion of the

Which of these statements about Isaac Newton is FALSE?

Who wrote,"If a man will begin with certainties,he shall end in doubts; but if he will be content to begin with doubts he shall end in certainties"?

For Linnaeus,the orderly relationship among living things demonstrated the

All of the following are associated with Descartes EXCEPT the notion that

Seventeenth-century Europe saw the emergence of a new intellectual group known as the "moderns" who believed

What made the development of science so revolutionary from a global standpoint?

The agricultural revolution in England triggered all of these changes EXCEPT

Why was George III called "the farmer king"?

For medieval Europeans (before 1543) ,the main authority on anatomy had been

What did Newton and his followers believe about the universe?

Linnaeus's Systema Naturae did NOT

Which of these actions made Captain Cook famous at that time?