Question 1

Briefly describe the rise of modern botany in the eighteenth century and explain the importance of this new field.

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Question 2

Using examples,discuss how the intellectual scientific revolution of the seventeenth century evolved into the practical application of science in the eighteenth century.

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Question 3

In a time when maritime powers were becoming world empires,it was imperative to be as strong at sea as possible.How was the problem of determining longitude finally solved so that navigators could determine their precise positions?

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Question 4

The final step in being able to measure longitude was solved when the tilt of the earth was reliably calculated.

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The final step in being able to measure longitude was solved with the invention of the marine chronometer by John Harrison, which allowed sailors to determine their longitude at sea with great accuracy. The tilt of the Earth (also known as its axial tilt) does not play a direct role in measuring longitude.

Question 5

Parisian salons were centers of intellectual discussion,but mirroring the culture of the time,did not include women.

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Parisian salons were often hosted by women and were key spaces where both men and women engaged in intellectual discussion.

Question 6

The use of canals and irrigation ditches to control water for agricultural production is one of the main inventions of the Scientific Revolution.

Accepted Answer

The use of canals and irrigation ditches for agricultural production dates back to ancient civilizations, such as those in Mesopotamia and Egypt, and was not a product of the Scientific Revolution.

Question 7

The British Museum can be considered the first example of a modern museum devoted to the collection,analysis,classification and preservation of natural and cultural phenomena.

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The British Museum, established in 1753, is often considered the first national public museum in the world. It was the first of its kind to cover all fields of human knowledge, open to visitors from across the world, embodying the principles of collection, preservation, research, and education, which are fundamental to modern museums.

Question 8

Discuss the role of women during the Enlightenment.Did women have more or fewer rights and opportunities? Give examples.

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Question 9

Parisians passionately debated the latest Enlightenment advancements during events hosted in salons,which literally means "drawing rooms."

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Question 10

The massive printing of the Encyclopedia,or Rational Dictionary of the Arts,Sciences and Crafts made the case for a new form of universal knowledge based on the religious beliefs and biblical traditions.

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The statement is incorrect as the Encyclopedia, or Rational Dictionary of the Arts, Sciences, and Crafts promoted a new form of knowledge that was not based solely on religious beliefs and biblical traditions, but instead was influenced by reason, empiricism, and scientific inquiry.

Question 11

Ethnography is the science of studying and systematically classifying the world's flora.

Accepted Answer

Ethnography is the scientific study of human cultures, societies, and behavior. It involves participant observation, interviews, and analysis of data to understand the cultural practices and beliefs of a group of people. It is not related to the study of flora.

Question 12

Using examples from the textbook,discuss the relationship between science (and scientific innovation)and empire.

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Question 13

The British undertook the Great Trigonometrical Survey to map Ireland in a mathematical grid.

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The Great Trigonometrical Survey was actually undertaken by the British in India to accurately measure and map the entire Indian subcontinent. It did not involve mapping Ireland.

Question 14

According to John Locke,individuals will voluntarily give up some of their autonomy to the state in exchange for protection of basic rights.

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John Locke believed in the social contract theory, where individuals give up some of their natural rights to the state in exchange for protection of their remaining rights. This is known as the concept of limited government and forms the basis of modern constitutional democracies.

Question 15

The discovery of the origin of the Missouri River was a major goal of the African Association in its attempts to further understand the geography of the African interior.

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The African Association was focused on exploring the African interior and had no association with the discovery of the Missouri River. The Missouri River was explored by American explorers, Lewis and Clark, in the early 1800s.

Question 16

Discuss the impact of the travels of Captain Cook and James Bank on the native population of Oceania and Australia.

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Question 17

Explain Adam Smith's concept of the "invisible hand" of the market.Do you think this notion has merit? Why or why not?

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Question 18

Take a stand for or against the following preposition: "Without the scientific revolution,Europe would have never had the Enlightenment." Be sure to provide evidence and examples for the position you take.

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Question 19

Describe some of the most notable applications of the scientific revolution in Europe.How did these innovations alter society?

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Quiz 7: European Science and the Foundations of Modern Imperialism, 1600–1820