Question 1

The face is innervated by what type of nerves?

Accepted Answer

The face is innervated by cranial nerves, specifically the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) and the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V).

Question 2

What area of the brain controls language comprehension?

Accepted Answer

Wernicke's area is responsible for language comprehension, typically located in the left hemisphere of the brain.

Question 3

The ability of the nervous system to adapt anatomically and functionally to changes in its activity is called

Accepted Answer

Plasticity refers to the nervous system's ability to change and adapt in response to experience, learning, or injury, both structurally and functionally.

Question 4

An ascending or descending pathway that is located on the same side of the central nervous system integration center is called

Accepted Answer

An ipsilateral pathway is one that is located on the same side of the central nervous system integration center, as opposed to contralateral pathways which cross to the opposite side.

Question 5

Which statement best describes why the brain requires an uninterrupted supply of blood?

Accepted Answer

The CNS requires a constant blood supply because it has limited glycogen stores, cannot use fatty acids for energy, and has a limited ability to produce energy anaerobically, making it highly dependent on glucose and oxygen from the blood.

Question 6

Your roommate not only talks in her sleep but also sleepwalks. Which statement best describe what sleep phase she is in?

Accepted Answer

Sleepwalking typically occurs during slow-wave sleep (SWS), which is a non-REM sleep stage.

Question 7

In studying for this exam you acquired new knowledge and hopefully retained it. If you used a repetitive approach such as studying from note cards, this type of learning is referred to as . If you studied using, for example, the same information but linked to a case study, this type of learning is referred to as _.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In studying for this exam you acquired...

Question 8

Alzheimer's disease is caused by the loss of neurons in certain brain areas and replacement of the lost neurons with scar tissue called .

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the loss of cholinergic neurons and the formation of amyloid plaques in the brain.

Question 9

Which area of the brain relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex?

Accepted Answer

The thalamus is a small structure located at the base of the brain that acts as a relay center for sensory information. It receives sensory information from the body and sends it to the appropriate areas of the cerebral cortex for processing.

Question 10

Through physical examination, neurologists can easily determine which spinal nerve has been damaged and at what level in the spinal cord an injury has occurred due to mapping out the various sensory regions called

Accepted Answer

Dermatomes are areas of skin that are mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve, allowing neurologists to determine the level of spinal cord injury by assessing sensory loss in these regions.

Question 11

How is a reflex that requires only a single synapse between two neurons classified?

Accepted Answer

A reflex that requires only a single synapse between two neurons is classified as monosynaptic.

Question 12

Rapid eye movement (REM)is called paradoxical sleep because

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rapid eye movement (REM)is called paradoxical sleep...

Question 13

What neural pathway provides for the control of fine, discrete movements of the extremities?

Accepted Answer

The pyramidal tract, also known as the corticospinal tract, is responsible for the control of fine, discrete movements of the extremities.

Question 14

Parkinson's disease appears to target cells within the _ .

Accepted Answer

Parkinson's disease primarily affects dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to the characteristic motor symptoms of the disease.

Question 15

What is the function of gray matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter in the CNS is primarily involved in processing information, neural integration, and synaptic communication due to its high concentration of neuronal cell bodies and synapses.

Question 16

What region of the diencephalon filters and refines sensory information, allowing us to direct our attention to specific external stimuli?

Accepted Answer

The thalamus is the region of the diencephalon that acts as a relay station, filtering and refining sensory information before it reaches the cerebral cortex, thus playing a crucial role in attention and sensory perception.

Question 17

In the motor and sensory homunculi, each body part is shown next to the area of cerebral cortex devoted to it. Which statement best describes what these homunculi represent?

Accepted Answer

The motor and sensory homunculi represent the relative size of the cortical area in the brain devoted to each body part, indicating the amount of neural processing power dedicated to sensory or motor functions for that part.

Question 18

A stroke occurring in the basal nuclei could produce which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

The basal nuclei are involved in the regulation of movement, and damage to this area can result in muscle rigidity, a common symptom associated with disorders affecting the basal nuclei, such as Parkinson's disease.

Question 19

Which of the following is known to cause drowsiness?

Accepted Answer

Antihistamines are known to cause drowsiness as a common side effect, especially first-generation antihistamines like diphenhydramine.

Question 20

The withdrawal reflex is initiated by activation of what type of receptor?

Accepted Answer

The withdrawal reflex is initiated by the activation of nociceptors, which are sensory receptors that respond to potentially damaging stimuli by sending signals to the spinal cord and brain, leading to the reflexive withdrawal from the stimulus.

Quiz 9: The Nervous System: Central Nervous System