Question 1

When individuals tend to attribute their own successes to internal factors such as ability or effort while putting the blame for failure on external factors such as luck, they are expressing the fundamental attribution error.

Accepted Answer

The scenario described is an example of the self-serving bias, not the fundamental attribution error. The self-serving bias is when individuals attribute their successes to internal factors and their failures to external factors. The fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency to attribute other people's behaviors to their character or personality, while underestimating situational factors.

Question 2

You have just read a psychologist's study of workers' attitudes in your industry. She stated that an attitude is made up of three components: cognition, belief, and behavior.

Accepted Answer

An attitude is made up of three components: cognition (thoughts), affect (feelings), and behavior (actions).

Question 3

Job satisfaction is the degree to which an individual feels positively or negatively about various aspects of a job such as pay, tasks, supervision, coworkers, the work setting, and advancement opportunities.

Accepted Answer

Job satisfaction indeed encompasses an individual's feelings and attitudes towards various aspects of their job, including pay, tasks, supervision, coworkers, the work environment, and opportunities for advancement, reflecting how positively or negatively they feel about these elements.

Question 4

An employee's general attitude toward his or her job is job involvement.

Accepted Answer

Job involvement refers to the degree to which an employee identifies psychologically with their job and considers their perceived performance level important to self-worth. An employee's general attitude toward his or her job is typically referred to as job satisfaction.

Question 5

The most common finding on self- monitoring is that low self- monitors are more susceptible to external influence than high self- monitors.

Accepted Answer

High self-monitors are more susceptible to external influence because they are more sensitive to social cues and likely to adjust their behavior to fit in with their surroundings, whereas low self-monitors are more guided by their internal beliefs and attitudes, making them less influenced by external factors.

Question 6

Employees react to perceptions, not reality.

Accepted Answer

Employees' reactions are often based on their perceptions of a situation, which may not always align with the objective reality. Their behaviors, attitudes, and responses are influenced by how they perceive their work environment, management actions, and organizational culture, rather than the factual circumstances.

Question 7

Managers who are high risk- takers make more rapid decisions, but require more information.

Accepted Answer

Managers who are high risk-takers tend to make decisions more rapidly and often do so with less information, as they are more comfortable with uncertainty.

Question 8

When Marvin tells his boss, "I am going to quit this company and look for another job, unless I get a raise," he is expressing the affective component of his attitude toward his work.

Accepted Answer

Marvin is expressing the behavioral component of his attitude by stating what action he intends to take (quitting the job) based on his dissatisfaction, not just his feelings or emotions about the job.

Question 9

The affective component of an attitude is the emotional, or feeling, segment of the attitude.

Accepted Answer

The affective component of an attitude refers to the emotional reactions or feelings an individual has towards an object, person, issue, or situation, which is indeed the emotional or feeling segment of the attitude.

Question 10

Holland's enterprising personality is matched with the occupations of lawyers, real estate agents, and public relations specialists.

Accepted Answer

Holland's theory of career choice suggests that people with an enterprising personality are well-suited for careers that involve persuasion, leadership, and economic understanding, which aligns with the professions of lawyers, real estate agents, and public relations specialists.

Question 11

The intentional component of an attitude reflects feelings and emotions an individual has toward something.

Accepted Answer

The intentional component of an attitude, also known as the behavioral or conative component, reflects how an individual intends to behave toward something, not their feelings and emotions. Feelings and emotions are part of the affective component of an attitude.

Question 12

Self- esteem is the EI (Emotional Intelligence)factor that refers to the ability to handle one's feelings and emotions.

Accepted Answer

Self-esteem is not considered a factor of Emotional Intelligence (EI). EI refers to the ability to recognize, understand, manage, and reason with emotions in oneself and others, not directly to one's self-esteem.

Question 13

One of the most widely used methods of identifying personalities is the Big- Five model.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the most widely used methods...

Question 14

High self- esteems are more satisfied with their jobs than low self- esteems.

Accepted Answer

Individuals with high self-esteem typically have a more positive outlook on life, including their job satisfaction, as they tend to value themselves and their abilities more, leading to higher overall satisfaction in various aspects of life, including their careers.

Question 15

Anything can have status value if others in the group admire it.

Accepted Answer

The status value of an object or activity is determined by the collective admiration or value placed on it by a group, meaning anything can gain status value if it is highly regarded within a social context.

Question 16

Learning, in its most simple terms, is any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience.

Accepted Answer

Learning is defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior or potential behavior that results from direct or indirect experience.

Question 17

An individual experiences cognitive dissonance when there is conflict or inconsistencies among two or more of his or her attitudes.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance occurs when there is a conflict between a person's beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors, not just among attitudes alone.

Question 18

Organizational commitment is the extent to which an employee identifies with his or her job, actively participates in it, and considers his or her performance important to his or her feelings of self- esteem.

Accepted Answer

Organizational commitment refers to the extent to which an employee identifies with an organization and its goals, and wishes to maintain membership in the organization. It is not solely about identification with, participation in, and importance of one's job to self-esteem, which more closely describes job involvement.

Question 19

Emotional stability was the factor that predicted job performance for all five groups in the Big 5 study cited in your text.

Accepted Answer

The Big 5 study on personality traits (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism/Emotional Stability) found that Conscientiousness, not Emotional Stability, was the trait most consistently linked to job performance across different job types.

Question 20

Rosetta believes that if she puts in extra effort at work, she will receive the bonus that she deserves. Rosetta has an internal locus of control.

Accepted Answer

Rosetta's belief that her actions (putting in extra effort) will lead to a specific outcome (receiving a bonus) reflects an internal locus of control, which is the perception that one can control their own destiny.

Quiz 8: Foundations of Individual and Group Behavior