Question 1

End products of the different fermentation processes include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Water is not a typical end product of fermentation processes. Fermentation usually results in the production of substances like carbon dioxide, ethanol, and lactate, depending on the type of fermentation (e.g., alcoholic fermentation produces ethanol and carbon dioxide, while lactic acid fermentation produces lactate).

Question 2

Which of the following metabolic processes directly utilizes oxygen?

Accepted Answer

The Electron Transport Chain (ETC) directly utilizes oxygen as the final electron acceptor in the process of aerobic respiration, converting it into water.

Question 3

Cyanide poisoning occurs because cyanide inhibits an enzyme in the electron transport pathway. Which of the following is the reason why cyanide poisoning becomes deadly?

Accepted Answer

Cyanide poisoning becomes deadly because it inhibits the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase in the electron transport chain, preventing the production of ATP by chemiosmosis. This halts cellular respiration, leading to a lack of energy for vital cellular functions.

Question 4

Some plans for weight loss include eating a low-carbohydrate diet. In the absence of a lot of glucose in the diet, what other food molecules can be used to extract energy for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Protein and fats can both be metabolized to provide energy for cellular respiration when glucose is scarce. Proteins can be broken down into amino acids, and fats can be broken down into fatty acids and glycerol, all of which can be used as alternative energy sources.

Question 5

Most of the ATP produced during cellular respiration is generated in the mitochondrial
after the movement of hydrogen ions through ATP -synthesizing proteins in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most of the ATP produced during cellular...

Question 6

Bacteria in our mouths feed off the sugars in foods that we eat. As these bacteria ferment the sugars, they generate a product that can cause dental cavities. What is this product?

Accepted Answer

The bacteria in our mouths convert sugars into lactic acid through fermentation. This acid is what contributes to the demineralization of tooth enamel, leading to dental cavities.

Question 7

The organelles responsible for the bulk of ATP production via cellular respiration are the
.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The organelles responsible for the bulk of...

Question 8

During chemiosmosis, a hydrogen ion gradient is linked to the production of ATP.

Accepted Answer

During chemiosmosis, a gradient of hydrogen ions (protons) across a membrane is used to drive the synthesis of ATP, typically in the mitochondria during cellular respiration or in chloroplasts during photosynthesis.

Question 9

In the cell, more than half of the energy produced by the metabolic breakdown of glucose is released as and the remaining energy is stored in .

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the cell, more than half of...

Question 10

How do fatigued human muscle cells repay an ʺoxygen debtʺ?

Accepted Answer

Fatigued muscle cells repay an "oxygen debt" by converting lactate, which accumulates during anaerobic respiration, back to pyruvate once oxygen is available again. This process is part of the recovery from anaerobic metabolism.

Question 11

The process of fermentation is energetically more efficient than that of cellular respiration.

Accepted Answer

Fermentation produces far less ATP (2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule) compared to cellular respiration, which can produce up to 36 or 38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule, making cellular respiration energetically more efficient.

Question 12

The reason bread dough ʺrisesʺ is due to the production of

Accepted Answer

The rising of bread dough is primarily due to the production of carbon dioxide gas by yeast during fermentation. This gas gets trapped in the dough, causing it to expand or "rise."

Question 13

is a series of reactions, occurring under aerobic conditions, in which large amounts of ATP are produced from the breakdown of glucose.

Accepted Answer

The answer of is a series of reactions, occurring under...

Question 14

is the first stage in glucose metabolism and does not require oxygen.

Accepted Answer

The answer of is the first stage in glucose metabolism...

Question 15

At the end of aerobic cellular respiration, how many total carbon dioxide molecules are produced for each glucose metabolized?

Accepted Answer

During aerobic cellular respiration, one glucose molecule (C6H12O6) is fully oxidized, resulting in the production of six carbon dioxide (CO2) molecules. This process includes glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 16

Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle reactions both occur in the mitochondria.

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, while the Krebs cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle) takes place in the mitochondrial matrix.

Question 17

In human muscle cells, fermentation (by itself) produces

Accepted Answer

Fermentation in human muscle cells converts pyruvate into lactate when oxygen is scarce, allowing glycolysis to continue producing ATP.

Question 18

Human muscle cells can perform

Accepted Answer

Human muscle cells are capable of both lactic acid fermentation and aerobic cellular respiration. Lactic acid fermentation occurs when oxygen levels are low, while aerobic cellular respiration occurs when sufficient oxygen is available.

Question 19

How does one account for the bubbles in a glass of beer or champagne?

Accepted Answer

C) Bubbles of CO2 in beer or champagne are produced by yeast during the fermentation process, which is an anaerobic metabolism. This CO2 gets trapped in the liquid when the beverage is bottled, leading to the formation of bubbles when the bottle is opened.

Question 20

Carbon dioxide is considered a waste product of cellular respiration.

Accepted Answer

During cellular respiration, cells break down glucose and oxygen to produce energy, with carbon dioxide and water being byproducts, making carbon dioxide a waste product of this process.

Quiz 8: Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration