Question 1

The perception of taste will be significantly altered by obstructions of the nasal cavity (e.g. nasal congestion).

Accepted Answer

The perception of taste is significantly influenced by the sense of smell; nasal congestion can block the olfactory pathways, leading to a diminished ability to taste flavors.

Question 2

The bony labyrinth contains perilymph; the membranous labyrinth contains endolymph.

Accepted Answer

The bony labyrinth is filled with perilymph, while the membranous labyrinth, which is contained within the bony labyrinth, is filled with endolymph. These fluids play crucial roles in hearing and balance.

Question 3

Olfactory receptor cells are unipolar neurons.

Accepted Answer

Olfactory receptor cells are actually bipolar neurons, as they have a dendrite on one end and an axon on the other, connecting to the olfactory bulb.

Question 4

Large papillae that always contain taste buds and that are found in a V-shaped row on the posterior region of the tongue are called vallate (circumvallate) papillae.

Accepted Answer

Vallate (circumvallate) papillae are indeed large papillae that contain taste buds and are located in a V-shaped row at the back of the tongue.

Question 5

Olfactory receptors, which are specialized neurons, are replaced regularly by the basal cells of the olfactory epithelium.

Accepted Answer

Olfactory receptors are indeed specialized neurons that detect chemical substances (odors) in the air and are regularly replaced throughout life by the basal cells of the olfactory epithelium, ensuring the maintenance of the sense of smell.

Question 6

Olfactory receptors and gustatory receptors each contain three types of cells. Briefly describe each of these cells and state the function of each. Your answer should point out some major differences in each cell type between the two receptors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Olfactory receptors and gustatory receptors each contain...

Question 7

Infection of the tarsal glands creates a pus-filled swelling called a sty.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Infection of the tarsal glands creates a...

Question 8

In bright light, impulses from sympathetic neurons cause a constriction of the pupil due to contraction of the radial muscle fibers of the iris.

Accepted Answer

In bright light, impulses from parasympathetic neurons cause a constriction of the pupil due to contraction of the circular muscle fibers of the iris, not the radial muscle fibers which are controlled by sympathetic neurons and cause dilation in low light.

Question 9

The mucous membrane lining the inner aspect of the eyelids is the bulbar conjunctiva.

Accepted Answer

The mucous membrane lining the inner aspect of the eyelids is the palpebral conjunctiva, not the bulbar conjunctiva. The bulbar conjunctiva covers the white part of the eyeball (sclera).

Question 10

In the retina, cones are more numerous than rods.

Accepted Answer

Rods are more numerous than cones in the human retina, with about 120 million rods compared to approximately 6 million cones.

Question 11

Glaucoma, the most common cause of blindness in the United States, results from abnormal build-up of aqueous humor in the anterior cavity of the eye.

Accepted Answer

Glaucoma is indeed a leading cause of blindness in the United States and it primarily results from an abnormal increase in intraocular pressure due to the buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber of the eye, which can damage the optic nerve.

Question 12

The space within the eye between the lens and the cornea is the anterior cavity.

Accepted Answer

The anterior cavity of the eye is indeed the space between the lens and the cornea, filled with aqueous humor.

Question 13

Select the best description for the sebaceous ciliary glands:

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous ciliary glands, also known as glands of Zeis, are located at the base of the follicles of the eyelashes. They secrete an oily substance that helps lubricate the eyelashes.

Question 14

List the layers of cells in the neural portion of the retina in the order in which light passes through them. Compare this to the order for the direction of visual data processing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List the layers of cells in the...

Question 15

Describe the various pathways for gustatory sensations from different regions of the oral cavity and pharynx to the primary gustatory cortex.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the various pathways for gustatory sensations...

Question 16

The vestibular apparatus consists of the organs responsible for hearing and equilibrium.

Accepted Answer

The vestibular apparatus is responsible for equilibrium and balance, while the cochlea, not the vestibular apparatus, is responsible for hearing.

Question 17

Describe the individual layers of the wall of the eyeball, from outermost to innermost layer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the individual layers of the wall...

Question 18

Select the best description for the olfactory (Bowman's) gland:

Accepted Answer

The olfactory (Bowman's) gland is located in the connective tissue underneath the olfactory epithelium, which is part of the nasal cavity responsible for the sense of smell.

Question 19

Sensory input from the vestibular apparatus is transmitted to the pons, medulla oblongata and cerebellum regions of the brain.

Accepted Answer

The vestibular apparatus, responsible for balance and spatial orientation, sends sensory input to the pons, medulla oblongata, and cerebellum for processing and integration with motor responses.

Question 20

Select the best description for the ceruminous glands:

Accepted Answer

Ceruminous glands are specialized sweat glands located near the external opening of the external auditory canal, where they secrete cerumen (earwax).

Quiz 21: Special Senses