Question 1

The thoracic duct drains lymph into venous blood at the junction of the left internal jugular vein and left subclavian vein.

Accepted Answer

The thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body, and it drains lymph from the lower limbs, abdomen, left arm, left side of the thorax, neck, and head into the venous blood at the junction of the left internal jugular and left subclavian veins.

Question 2

Lymph nodes of the body are arranged into five principal groups.
Name any one group of lymph nodes and describe its location and the region of the body it drains.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lymph nodes of the body are arranged...

Question 3

The stroma (framework tissue) of the spleen consists of the capsule, trabeculae, reticular fibers, the red pulp, and the white pulp.

Accepted Answer

The stroma of the spleen consists of the capsule, trabeculae, and reticular fibers, but not the red and white pulp; these are considered part of the spleen's parenchyma, not its stroma.

Question 4

Name and describe the location of the two main lymphatic ducts. Describe the portions of the body drained by each.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name and describe the location of the...

Question 5

Each lobe of the thymus gland consists of an outer cortex and an inner medulla.

Accepted Answer

The thymus gland is divided into two lobes, each consisting of an outer cortex, which is densely packed with immature T cells, and an inner medulla, which contains mature T cells and epithelial cells, among other cell types.

Question 6

List the nodes that make up the axillary group and state the region of the body drained by each.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List the nodes that make up the...

Question 7

The intestinal trunk drains lymph from the stomach, intestines, pancreas, spleen, and part of the liver.

Accepted Answer

The intestinal trunk is a lymphatic vessel in the abdomen that collects lymph from the stomach, intestines, pancreas, spleen, and part of the liver, before draining into the cisterna chyli.

Question 8

Following a splenectomy (surgical removal of a ruptured spleen), some of the spleen's functions can be handled by red bone marrow and the liver.

Accepted Answer

After a splenectomy, the liver and red bone marrow can take over some of the spleen's functions, such as filtering unwanted materials from the blood and producing lymphocytes.

Question 9

Fluid enters lymphatic capillaries when the pressure in the interstitial fluid spaces is _____ than the pressure inside the lymphatic capillary.

Accepted Answer

Fluid enters lymphatic capillaries when the pressure in the interstitial fluid spaces is greater than the pressure inside the lymphatic capillary. This pressure difference allows the fluid to flow into the capillaries, facilitating the return of excess interstitial fluid back to the bloodstream.

Question 10

Breathing assists the flow of lymph; lymph flows from the abdominal region to the thoracic region every time you _____.

Accepted Answer

Lymph flow from the abdominal region to the thoracic region is facilitated by the negative pressure created in the thoracic cavity during inhalation, which helps draw the lymph upwards.

Question 11

Lymphatic capillaries in intestinal villi are called

Accepted Answer

Lacteals are specialized lymphatic capillaries located in the core of the intestinal villi, responsible for the absorption of dietary fats.

Question 12

The parotid, buccal, and submandibular lymph nodes make up the facial group of nodes.

Accepted Answer

The facial group of lymph nodes includes the buccal, nasolabial, and mandibular lymph nodes, not the parotid and submandibular nodes, which belong to different groups.

Question 13

The lymphatic vessels arise from the same type of embryonic tissue as do veins.

Accepted Answer

Both lymphatic vessels and veins arise from the mesoderm, the middle layer of embryonic tissue, indicating their common developmental origin.

Question 14

The flow of lymph through a lymph node is slowed by the anatomical arrangement of many afferent vessels bringing lymph into the node and only one or two efferent vessels transporting lymph out of the lymph node.

Accepted Answer

The anatomical structure of lymph nodes includes multiple afferent lymphatic vessels that bring lymph into the node and fewer efferent lymphatic vessels that carry lymph away from the node. This arrangement slows the flow of lymph through the node, allowing more time for the lymph to be filtered and for immune cells within the node to identify and respond to pathogens.

Question 15

HIV is killed by rubbing alcohol and household bleach, and by standard dishwashing and clothes washing.

Accepted Answer

HIV is a fragile virus that does not survive long outside the human body. It is easily killed by contact with soap, bleach, sunlight, and drying, as well as by the heat of cooking. Rubbing alcohol and household bleach are effective in killing HIV on surfaces, and the detergents used in standard dishwashing and clothes washing processes can also destroy the virus.

Question 16

Lymphatic capillaries differ from blood capillaries in that they are closed-ended and they have a slightly _____ diameter than blood capillaries.

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic capillaries have a slightly larger diameter compared to blood capillaries, allowing them to absorb larger molecules and particles.

Question 17

Lymph flows as a result of skeletal muscle contractions, respiratory movements and _____ in lymphatic vessels that prevent backflow.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lymph flows as a result of skeletal...

Question 18

List and describe the effects of aging on the lymphatic system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List and describe the effects of aging...

Question 19

The actual size of the thymus gland, defined by its connective tissue capsule, does not change over time.

Accepted Answer

The thymus gland undergoes involution, a process of shrinking and losing function, as we age.

Question 20

Lymph from the right upper extremity flows through the right lymphatic duct, then into the right subclavian trunk.

Accepted Answer

Lymph from the right upper extremity flows through the right lymphatic duct, then directly into the junction of the right internal jugular and subclavian veins, not the right subclavian trunk.

Quiz 15: The Lymphatic Lymphoid System and Immunity