One study that measured the amount of force used in a tug-of-war identified which example of social loafing?

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The Ringelmann effect describes how individual performance tends to decrease as the size of a group increases, due to coordination and motivation losses. This effect was observed in the study of tug-of-war, where individuals exerted less force as part of a group than they did individually, exemplifying social loafing.

One Study That Measured the Amount of Force Used in a Tug-Of-War