Question 1

In a false-belief task, children are told that Mom puts chocolate in a kitchen drawer and leaves. Dad then moves the chocolate to the refrigerator. When asked where Mom will look for the chocolate when she returns, the child who does not understand false beliefs will say:

Accepted Answer

A child who does not understand false beliefs will assume that everyone knows what they know, so they will say Mom will look in the refrigerator where the chocolate actually is.

Question 2

Pointing to a tree, young Leo says, "Bird flied away." Leo's interesting but incorrect use of the -ed word ending shows that he is trying to learn the _____ rules of language.

Accepted Answer

Leo's use of "flied" instead of "flew" indicates he is applying the morphological rule of adding -ed to form the past tense, which is a common pattern in English, even though it is incorrect for this irregular verb.

Question 3

Which is NOT one of the three principles of child-centered kindergarten?

Accepted Answer

Preparation for formal education through sitting still and working alone is not a principle of child-centered kindergarten, which focuses on play, firsthand experiences, and recognizing each child's unique developmental pattern.

Question 4

The _____ is a philosophy of education in which children are given considerable freedom and spontaneity in choosing activities, moving between activities, and developing self-regulation.

Accepted Answer

The Montessori approach emphasizes child-led learning, allowing children to choose activities and develop self-regulation in a prepared environment.

Question 5

While riding in the car Zelda asked her mother, "Where that man going?" and "What that man doing?" Zelda is struggling with a complete understanding of:

Accepted Answer

Zelda's questions indicate a struggle with syntax, which involves the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences. Her questions lack proper sentence structure.

Question 6

Jean Berko's experiment involving "wugs" demonstrated that the young children who took part in the experiment understood how to use _____ with new words.

Accepted Answer

Jean Berko's "wug" test demonstrated that children understood morphological rules, as they could apply pluralization rules to a novel word ("wug" to "wugs").

Question 7

In a false-belief task, children are told that Mom puts chocolate in a kitchen drawer and leaves. Dad then moves the chocolate to the refrigerator. When asked where Mom will look for the chocolate when she returns, the child who understands false beliefs will say:

Accepted Answer

A child who understands false beliefs recognizes that Mom will look in the kitchen drawer because she is unaware of Dad's action of moving the chocolate to the refrigerator.

Question 8

Five-year-old Donna speaks in shorter, simpler sentences to her baby brother, in a very informal way with friends, and uses a more formal language with her father's friends. Donna is demonstrating her grasp of:

Accepted Answer

Pragmatics involves the use of language in social contexts and understanding how to adjust language based on the audience and situation, which is what Donna is doing.

Question 9

Adjusting speech to communicate with a two-year-old, a same-aged peer, or an adult shows an understanding of _____.

Accepted Answer

Pragmatics involves understanding how to use language appropriately in different social contexts, such as adjusting speech based on the listener's age or social status.

Question 10

_____ refers to the ways words are combined to form acceptable phrases and sentences.

Accepted Answer

Syntax is the set of rules that governs the structure of sentences and phrases in a language, determining how words are arranged to convey meaning.

Question 11

All of the following have been linked to improved understanding of a theory of mind EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Characteristics associated with autism are typically linked to challenges in developing a theory of mind, rather than improvements.

Question 12

All of the following are strategies to improve young children's literacy EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Encouraging children to be quiet and listen carefully to the story is not an interactive strategy and does not actively engage them in literacy development.

Question 13

The realization that people can have false beliefs develops in a majority of children by the time they are _____ years old.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The realization that people can have false...

Question 14

By the time they enter first grade, it is estimated that children know about _____ words.

Accepted Answer

The answer of By the time they enter first grade,...

Question 15

_____ refers to the meaning of specific words and sentences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ refers to the meaning of specific...

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT one of the key principles outlined in your textbook that contributes to optimal word learning?

Accepted Answer

Children learn words best in concrete contexts rather than abstract ones, as concrete contexts provide clearer and more relatable examples for understanding and retention.

Question 17

Alan, who is 30 months old, watched his older brother search for a particular book without success. Alan went over to his brother, patted his shoulder, and said, "Feel bad?" This indicates that he:

Accepted Answer

Alan's action and words suggest that he is recognizing and responding to his brother's emotions, indicating an understanding that others can have different feelings from his own.

Question 18

Which is not one of the six key principles in young children's vocabulary development?

Accepted Answer

Children learn words best in active, engaging contexts rather than passive ones.

Question 19

Nurturing is a key aspect of the _____, which emphasizes the education of the whole child and concern for his or her physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development.

Accepted Answer

The child-centered kindergarten focuses on nurturing the whole child, including their physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development, making it the correct choice.

Question 20

_____ refers to sounds, such as vowel and consonant sounds, whereas _____ refers to meaning, such as understanding what -ed does to a word.

Accepted Answer

Phonology refers to the study of sounds in a language, including vowel and consonant sounds. Morphology refers to the study of the structure and meaning of words, including how affixes like -ed change a word's meaning.

Quiz 5: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood