Question 1

Gwendolyn is having a prenatal test where her doctor uses high-frequency sound waves directed into her abdomen to check on her fetus. Her doctor is checking for many things, including spina bifida. She is most likely having a(n):

Accepted Answer

Ultrasound sonography uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the fetus, allowing the doctor to check for physical abnormalities such as spina bifida.

Question 2

Approximately _____ of couples in the United States are unable to conceive a child after 12 months of regular intercourse without conception.

Accepted Answer

Approximately 10% to 15% of couples in the United States experience infertility, defined as the inability to conceive after 12 months of regular, unprotected intercourse.

Question 3

During which period of development is the unborn baby MOST at risk of developing a structural defect due to the effects of a teratogen?

Accepted Answer

The embryonic period is when the major organs and structures of the body are forming, making it the most critical time for teratogenic effects to cause structural defects.

Question 4

Before Jared was born, his neural tube did not close properly. He uses crutches and braces to move around. At the time of her pregnancy, his mother was grossly overweight. All these signs point to a conclusion that Jared has a condition called:

Accepted Answer

Jared's symptoms, such as the improper closure of the neural tube and the need for crutches and braces, are indicative of spina bifida, a condition where the spine and spinal cord don't form properly.

Question 5

A "test tube baby" is associated with which process?

Accepted Answer

A "test tube baby" refers to a baby conceived through in vitro fertilization, where an egg is fertilized by sperm outside the body.

Question 6

Brian is very upset because he and his girlfriend, who is only a few weeks into her pregnancy, just found out that caffeine is a(n):

Accepted Answer

Caffeine is classified as a psychoactive drug because it affects the central nervous system, altering brain function and resulting in changes in perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, or behavior.

Question 7

A teratogen is any agent that can cause:

Accepted Answer

A teratogen is an agent that can interfere with the normal development of a fetus and cause birth defects. It can be a chemical, drug, virus, or other environmental factor that the mother is exposed to during pregnancy.

Question 8

Neuronal _____ involves moving outward from the original location, reaching a target destination, and maturing to become part of a complex structure.

Accepted Answer

Neuronal migration refers to the process by which neurons move from their place of origin to their final position in the brain, where they mature and integrate into the neural network.

Question 9

Which of the following can determine the sex of a fetus at the earliest point?

Accepted Answer

Noninvasive cell-free DNA analysis can determine the sex of a fetus as early as 7 weeks into pregnancy, which is earlier than other methods.

Question 10

Stella wants to give her baby the best start during prenatal development, so she is researching the latest findings on nutrition and teratogens. She's frustrated because the findings on caffeine:

Accepted Answer

Research on caffeine consumption during pregnancy has shown mixed results, with some studies suggesting potential risks and others finding no significant effects, leading to ongoing debate and cautionary advice.

Question 11

The process of _____ involves fertilizing eggs in a laboratory dish and transferring those eggs to a woman's uterus.

Accepted Answer

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a process where eggs are fertilized by sperm outside the body, in a laboratory dish, and then transferred to a woman's uterus.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a test used by physicians to determine whether a fetus is developing normally?

Accepted Answer

The Bayley Scales of Infant Assessment is a test used to assess the development of infants and toddlers after birth, not during fetal development.

Question 13

Wanda's doctor says she needs a maternal blood screening to determine the risk for birth defects. The doctor recommends the ______ screen, which is the most current test available.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Wanda's doctor says she needs a maternal...

Question 14

Which of the following is recommended by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration?

Accepted Answer

The FDA recommends that pregnant women should consume caffeine sparingly, as high caffeine intake can be associated with risks during pregnancy.

Question 15

Glenda's doctor gives her the unfortunate news that her ultrasound is showing the possibility of some abnormalities. She wants to know more as soon as possible, so her doctor ordered a(n) _____ to get a clearer, more detail image.

Accepted Answer

A fetal MRI is used to get a clearer, more detailed image when an ultrasound shows potential abnormalities.

Question 16

Amniocentesis is typically performed between:

Accepted Answer

Amniocentesis is usually performed between weeks 15 and 18 of pregnancy to test for genetic conditions and fetal health.

Question 17

Neuronal migration occurs at approximately _____ weeks after conception.

Accepted Answer

Neuronal migration primarily occurs between 6 to 24 weeks after conception, as neurons move to their destined positions in the developing brain.

Question 18

Esperanza is having a prenatal test to remove a small sample of the placenta for genetic testing. Identify the test that her doctor is performing.

Accepted Answer

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is a prenatal test that involves taking a small sample of the placenta for genetic testing.

Question 19

_____ act on the nervous system to alter states of consciousness, modify perceptions, and change moods.

Accepted Answer

Psychoactive drugs are substances that act on the nervous system to alter states of consciousness, modify perceptions, and change moods. They include drugs such as caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and opioids. While some of these substances may have medicinal properties, they are often used recreationally and can be addictive.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the impact of teratogens?

Accepted Answer

Exposure to teratogens is most harmful during critical periods of development, such as during organogenesis in the first trimester, when major organs are forming.

Quiz 2: Biological Beginnings

Gwendolyn is having a prenatal test where her doctor uses high-frequency sound waves directed into her abdomen to check on her fetus. Her doctor is checking for many things, including spina bifida. She is most likely having a(n) :