Question 1

What is the relationship between mean income, educational degree, and gender?

Accepted Answer

Studies and data consistently show that while income generally increases with higher levels of education for both genders, there is a persistent gender wage gap across all levels of education, with men earning more than equally educated women.

Question 2

Regarding bilingual education for students whose native language is not English, researchers have concluded that

Accepted Answer

Bilingual education supports students in learning English by providing instruction in both their native language and English, facilitating better understanding and acquisition of the new language.

Question 3

__________ is one of the primary vehicles by which society reinforces social inequalities based on race, ethnicity, class, and gender.

Accepted Answer

Education is a key institution through which social inequalities are perpetuated. It often reflects and reinforces existing disparities based on race, ethnicity, class, and gender, through mechanisms such as unequal access to quality education, tracking, and standardized testing biases.

Question 4

Compared to the length of the school year and school day in European and East Asian countries, in the U.S.

Accepted Answer

The U.S. typically has a shorter school year and school day compared to many European and East Asian countries, where students often attend school for more days per year and have longer school days.

Question 5

The United States was among the first countries in the world to set a goal of education for all of its citizens, under the theory that an educated citizenry was necessary for a democratic society to function. By __________ every state had passed a mandatory education law, requiring that children attend school until they reached the age of 16 or completed the eighth grade.

Accepted Answer

By 1918, every state in the United States had passed a mandatory education law, reflecting the belief in the importance of education for a functioning democracy and aiming to ensure that all children attended school until a certain age or educational level.

Question 6

In the U.S., you need diplomas, degrees, and certificates to qualify for jobs; this is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A Credential Society refers to a society where access to desirable jobs and social status depends on the possession of certain educational qualifications or credentials, rather than solely on the individual's ability or experience.

Question 7

In 1954, the Supreme Court's Brown v. Board of Education decision

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka in 1954 declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional, effectively outlawing segregation in schools.

Question 8

Higher education is associated with higher income. Why is this?

Accepted Answer

All of these reasons contribute to the association between higher education and higher income. Educated individuals often have access to better-paying jobs, and higher social class parents not only have the resources to support their children's education but also tend to value education highly, encouraging their children to pursue higher levels of education.

Question 9

In school, children learn about social status, gender and racial hierarchies, and behavior such as name calling. This is part of

Accepted Answer

The hidden curriculum refers to the unwritten, unofficial, and often unintended lessons, values, and perspectives that students learn in school. This includes understanding social norms, hierarchies, and behaviors such as name-calling, which are not part of the formal curriculum but are learned through the school culture and social interactions.

Question 10

Public schools in wealthy neighborhoods have state-of-the-art labs and libraries, small classes, and highly paid teachers, while those in poor neighborhoods have crumbling buildings, overcrowded classrooms, and overworked, underpaid teachers. This is because

Accepted Answer

Education funding in the United States is significantly influenced by local property taxes, which means that areas with higher property values can allocate more resources to their schools, leading to disparities in school quality between wealthy and poor neighborhoods.

Question 11

More than one million schoolchildren today experience this; a Midwestern study reported 88% of students observing it and 77% experiencing it.

Accepted Answer

Bullying is a widespread issue affecting a significant number of schoolchildren, with many studies, including those from the Midwest, reporting high percentages of students witnessing or experiencing it. The statistics mentioned align with common findings on bullying rather than the other options listed.

Question 12

One of the efforts to improve on the "chilly classroom climate" described by the Sadkers in their book Failing at Fairness has been to

Accepted Answer

The Sadkers' work on the "chilly classroom climate" focuses on gender biases in education, including how educational materials represent genders. Increasing the number of active girls shown in schoolbooks is a direct effort to address these biases by providing more equitable and diverse representations, which can help improve the classroom climate for girls.

Question 13

Concentrated poverty - worse health care, lower nutrition, less-educated parents, more frequent moves, weaker preschool skills, and often limited English skills - characterizes

Accepted Answer

Concentrated poverty and its associated challenges are prevalent in the vast majority of intensely segregated Black and Latino schools, affecting various aspects of children's lives including health care, nutrition, education, and language skills.

Question 14

Relative to the top ten countries in Math and Reading performance, the U.S. ranks

Accepted Answer

The U.S. typically ranks well below the top ten countries in both Math and Reading performance according to international assessments such as the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA).

Question 15

The likelihoods of Blacks and Hispanics to graduate from high school, go to college, and graduate from college are all lower than the likelihoods of Whites to accomplish the same educational milestones; this "filtering out" of Blacks and Hispanics is called

Accepted Answer

The term "funnel effect" describes the process by which the likelihoods of Blacks and Hispanics to graduate from high school, go to college, and graduate from college are all lower than those of Whites, representing a narrowing or "filtering out" of these groups as they progress through the educational system.

Question 16

One of the latent functions of education is called __________, in which people learn individualism and competition, conformity to mainstream norms, obedience to authority, passive consumption of ideas, and acceptance of social inequality.

Accepted Answer

The hidden curriculum refers to the unwritten, unofficial, and often unintended lessons, values, and perspectives that students learn in school. It includes learning about social norms, behaviors, and attitudes such as individualism, competition, and obedience to authority, which are not explicitly part of the formal curriculum.

Question 17

The vast majority of high school dropouts come from __________ families, and the vast majority of college students come from __________ families.

Accepted Answer

Statistical data and research studies consistently show that high school dropout rates are significantly higher among low-income families, while college attendance and graduation rates are higher among individuals from high-income families. This reflects the impact of socioeconomic status on educational attainment.

Question 18

Which of the following is a manifest function of education?

Accepted Answer

Manifest functions of education are the intentional and recognized outcomes of the education system, such as teaching basic academic skills like reading and writing.

Question 19

What is the social institution through which society provides its members with important knowledge -basic facts, job skills, and cultural norms and values.

Accepted Answer

Education is the social institution through which society systematically transmits knowledge, skills, cultural norms, and values from one generation to another. It encompasses a broad range of experiences and modes of learning, including formal schooling, vocational training, and informal learning within families and communities.

Question 20

According to the text, one of the most constant put-downs in our schools today is calling someone

Accepted Answer

The text suggests that "Gay" is one of the most constant put-downs in schools today, indicating that it is used derogatorily towards individuals, reflecting issues of homophobia or discrimination based on sexual orientation.

Quiz 14: Education, Religion, and Science