Question 1

Which type of headaches are thought to be caused by prolonged contraction of the muscles in the scalp and neck?

Accepted Answer

Tension headaches are thought to be caused by prolonged contraction of the muscles in the scalp and neck. Migraine headaches are a neurological condition, and cluster headaches are characterized by severe pain on one side of the head. Classic headaches are not a recognized type of headache.

Question 2

What genetic factors could be involved in the development of PTSD?

Accepted Answer

The SS genotype (having two short alleles) of the serotonin transporter gene has been associated with an increased risk for developing PTSD. This gene is involved in the regulation of serotonin, a neurotransmitter associated with mood regulation and emotional processing, which may impact an individual's resilience to trauma.

Question 3

Murray is a child with allergies who has respiratory attacks that make breathing very difficult. These attacks often occur at night and when his parents have had a fight. Murray is probably suffering from ____.

Accepted Answer

Murray's symptoms of having respiratory attacks that occur at night and are triggered by stress suggests that he is likely suffering from asthma. Asthma is a condition in which the airways become inflamed, making it difficult for a person to breathe. This inflammation can be triggered by different things, including stress, which can cause the airways to narrow and make breathing even more difficult.

Question 4

Racial differences in rates of ____ for women seem to be influenced by the availability of ____.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that racial differences in rates of hypertension for women may be influenced by social support availability, such as having strong familial or community connections that can help buffer against the negative effects of stress.

Question 5

What is the most common type of headache?

Accepted Answer

Tension headaches are the most common type of headache, accounting for approximately 90% of all headaches. Migraines, cluster headaches, and stress headaches are less common.

Question 6

Dr. Kazinsky says, "Headaches are among the most common psychophysiological complaints. It is clear that there are three different forms of headache, each with its own cause. All headache pain is due to the contraction of the scalp and neck muscles, and in some cases stress plays a role." What portion of this statement is accurate?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr. Kazinsky says, "Headaches are among the...

Question 7

Who is most likely to suffer from migraines?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who is most likely to suffer from...

Question 8

A longitudinal study by Maddi (2002) showed that after almost half of a company's workforce was let go due to downsizing, of those who remained, two-thirds became ill and the other third thrived. Those who did well have which three characteristics?

Accepted Answer

According to the study, the employees who thrived after downsizing had a strong sense of commitment to their work, felt that they had control over their job responsibilities and were able to meet challenges effectively. These three characteristics helped them to adapt to the changes and remain healthy during the downsizing process.

Question 9

Which factor is associated with headaches?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which factor is associated with headaches?
...

Question 10

Which type of headache typically occurs in cycles that may produce incapacitating attacks several times a day?

Accepted Answer

Cluster headaches typically occur in cycles, with multiple attacks per day. These headaches are often described as severe and debilitating, with pain centered around one eye. Migraine headaches can also be incapacitating, but they typically do not occur in such rapid succession. Tension headaches are generally less severe than both migraines and cluster headaches. "Intermittent" is not a specific type of headache.

Question 11

What effect do negative emotions have on stress?

Accepted Answer

Negative emotions accentuate the stress response. When we experience negative emotions like fear, anxiety, or anger, our body's stress response is activated and becomes even more intense. This can lead to physical and emotional symptoms of stress, such as increased heart rate, muscle tension, and difficulty concentrating.

Question 12

Who is most likely to suffer from migraine headaches?

Accepted Answer

Migraine headaches are most common in females and are more prevalent in white individuals compared to other races.

Question 13

Who is more likely to be affected by stress disorders?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that women are more likely to be affected by stress disorders such as PTSD and generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 14

If a child has one parent with asthma, what is the likelihood that this particular child will also develop asthma?

Accepted Answer

A child with one parent who has asthma has a one in three chance, or approximately a 33% likelihood, of developing asthma. This is due to the genetic component associated with asthma, where having a family history of the condition increases the risk.

Question 15

Tanya experiences pulsating, intense pain in her head. Prior to these attacks, her vision is distorted. The headaches are caused by excessive dilation of blood vessels. Tanya is most likely to be diagnosed with ____.

Accepted Answer

Tanya's symptoms, including pulsating intense pain, visual disturbances, and headaches caused by blood vessel dilation, are characteristic of a migraine headache.

Question 16

Which groups have the highest risk of developing asthma?

Accepted Answer

African Americans have a higher prevalence of asthma due to a combination of genetic, environmental, and socio-economic factors.

Question 17

Dee and Jay, a married couple, both have asthma. What is the likelihood that each of their children will also have the disease?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dee and Jay, a married couple, both...

Question 18

Recent research suggests that severe migraine headaches may involve a ____.

Accepted Answer

Recent research has found that severe migraine headaches may involve a structural change in the brain, specifically in the way the brain processes pain signals. This may include changes in the nerve pathways and chemical neurotransmitters involved in pain processing. These structural changes may also contribute to the development of other neurological symptoms often associated with migraines, such as visual disturbances and sensitivity to light and sound.

Question 19

Otto complains of excruciatingly painful headaches that are centered near one eye. His eye tears, and his nose is blocked when the headache occurs. From what kind of headache is Otto probably suffering?

Accepted Answer

Otto's symptoms are characteristic of a cluster headache, which is the most painful type of headache. It often occurs near one eye and can cause tearing and a blocked or runny nose. Other symptoms can include sensitivity to light and sound, restlessness, and agitation. Cluster headaches often occur in cycles and can be very disruptive to daily life.

Question 20

Thinking you are in control ____ the ability to work through a stress response.

Accepted Answer

Feeling in control enhances the ability to work through a stress response, as it promotes a sense of confidence and reduces the feeling of being overwhelmed, making it easier to manage stress.

Quiz 5: Trauma- and Stress-Related Disorders