Question 1

What is the purpose of the adipose tissue surrounding the kidneys?
A) It keeps the kidneys warm.
B) It provides the kidneys with fuel.
C) It holds the kidneys in place.
D) It protects the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

The adipose tissue surrounding the kidneys serves as protection and cushioning for the kidneys.

Question 2

Match each renal structure with its location or function.
-The inner region of the kidney
A)renal cortex
B)renal medulla
C)renal pyramids
D)renal columns
E)renal pelvis
F)ureter
G)major calyx
H)minor calyx
I)hilum

Accepted Answer

The inner region of the kidney is called the renal medulla.

Question 3

Aldosterone causes which of the following?
A) Decreased potassium in the urine
B) Increased sodium in the urine
C) Increased urine output
D) Decreased urine output

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion by the kidneys, which leads to water retention and thus decreased urine output.

Question 4

Where are the renal corpuscles of the nephrons located?
A) In the kidney's outer region,where they extend between the cortex and the medulla
B) In the kidney's inner region,where they extend into the renal pelvis
C) In the renal pyramids
D) In the major calyx

Accepted Answer

The renal corpuscles of the nephrons are located in the kidney's outer region, specifically within the renal cortex.

Question 5

Which of the following statements accurately describes the function of Bowman's capsule?
A) Bowman's capsule captures fluid leaking out of the glomerulus and returns it to the peritubular capillaries.
B) Fluid that filters out of the glomerulus collects in between the two layers of Bowman's capsule and then flows into the renal tubule on the other side of the capsule.
C) Bowman's capsule applies pressure to the glomerulus to increase the speed of filtration.
D) Bowman's capsule applies pressure to the glomerulus to decrease the speed of filtration.

Accepted Answer

Bowman's capsule is a cup-like structure at the beginning of the nephron in the kidney that surrounds the glomerulus. Its function is to collect and process the filtrate from the blood that enters the glomerulus. The fluid that filters out of the glomerulus collects in between the two layers of Bowman's capsule and then flows into the renal tubule on the other side of the capsule. Option A is incorrect because Bowman's capsule does not return fluid to peritubular capillaries. Option C and D are also incorrect because Bowman's capsule does not apply pressure to the glomerulus.

Question 6

Match each renal structure with its location or function.
-Slit on concave side of kidney through which blood vessels,the ureter,and nerves enter and leave
A)renal cortex
B)renal medulla
C)renal pyramids
D)renal columns
E)renal pelvis
F)ureter
G)major calyx
H)minor calyx
I)hilum

Accepted Answer

The hilum is the slit on the concave side of the kidney through which blood vessels, the ureter, and nerves enter and leave.

Question 7

What substance is filtered by the kidney?
A) Urine
B) Intracellular fluid
C) Blood
D) Tissue fluid

Accepted Answer

The kidneys filter blood to remove waste products, excess water, and electrolytes, which are then excreted in the urine. Intracellular fluid and tissue fluid are not filtered by the kidney. Urine is the end product of the filtration process, not the substance being filtered.

Question 8

Which statement about the location of the kidneys is correct?
A) The kidneys lie underneath the 10th rib.
B) The kidneys lie anterior to the parietal peritoneum.
C) The kidneys lie against the anterior abdominal wall.
D) The kidneys extend from the level of the T12 vertebra to the L3 vertebra.

Accepted Answer

The kidneys extend from the level of the T12 vertebra to the L3 vertebra. Option A is incorrect as the kidneys lie underneath the 12th rib, not the 10th. Option B is incorrect as the kidneys are retroperitoneal and lie posterior to the parietal peritoneum. Option C is incorrect as the kidneys are not in direct contact with the anterior abdominal wall.

Question 9

Match each renal structure with its location or function.
-Cone-shaped sections in the kidney's interior
A)renal cortex
B)renal medulla
C)renal pyramids
D)renal columns
E)renal pelvis
F)ureter
G)major calyx
H)minor calyx
I)hilum

Accepted Answer

The cone-shaped sections are the renal pyramids located in the renal medulla.

Question 10

What is the most likely cause of protein in urine?
A) High pressure within the glomerulus
B) Damaged glomerular capillaries
C) High-protein diet
D) Protein is a normal finding in urine

Accepted Answer

Protein in urine, or proteinuria, is typically caused by damage to the glomerular capillaries, which filter blood and remove waste products. This damage allows protein to leak into the urine. High pressure within the glomerulus can also contribute to proteinuria, but it is not the most likely cause. A high-protein diet may increase the amount of protein in urine, but not to the level of proteinuria. Protein is not normally found in urine.

Question 11

Match each renal structure with its location or function.
-Structure(s)that converge to form the renal pelvis
A)renal cortex
B)renal medulla
C)renal pyramids
D)renal columns
E)renal pelvis
F)ureter
G)major calyx
H)minor calyx
I)hilum

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match each renal structure with its location...

Question 12

What is the function of peritubular capillaries?
A) Supply blood to the nephron
B) Supply blood to the renal cortex
C) Pick up water and solutes reabsorbed by the renal tubules
D) Form the glomerulus

Accepted Answer

Peritubular capillaries are located in the renal cortex and are responsible for reabsorbing water and solutes that were filtered out of the blood in the glomerulus and reabsorbed by the renal tubules.

Question 13

What is the filtration unit of the kidney?
A) Glomerulus
B) Nephron
C) Renal pelvis
D) Renal papilla

Accepted Answer

The nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering blood and forming urine.

Question 14

A decline in blood pressure causes juxtaglomerular cells to secrete
A) renin.
B) angiotensinogen
C) angiotensin.
D) aldosterone.

Accepted Answer

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete renin in response to a decline in blood pressure. Renin starts the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) which leads to the formation of angiotensin II, which causes vasoconstriction and releases aldosterone, leading to an increase in blood pressure.

Question 15

Which of the following correctly describes the flow of filtrate as it leaves Bowman's capsule?
A) Collecting duct,proximal convoluted tubule,loop of Henle,distal convoluted tubule
B) Loop of Henle,proximal convoluted tubule,distal convoluted tubule,collecting duct
C) Proximal convoluted tubule,loop of Henle,distal convoluted tubule,collecting duct
D) Distal convoluted tubule,loop of Henle,collecting duct,proximal convoluted tubule

Accepted Answer

Filtrate leaves Bowman's capsule and enters the proximal convoluted tubule, followed by the loop of Henle and the distal convoluted tubule. Finally, it enters the collecting duct. Therefore, the correct flow is proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct. Choice C is the only option that follows this sequence.

Question 16

Match each renal structure with its location or function.
-The outer region of the kidney
A)renal cortex
B)renal medulla
C)renal pyramids
D)renal columns
E)renal pelvis
F)ureter
G)major calyx
H)minor calyx
I)hilum

Accepted Answer

The renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney.

Answer: B)renal medulla, C)renal pyramids, D)renal columns
 The renal medulla consists of renal pyramids and renal columns, which are located in the inner region of the kidney.

Answer: E)renal pelvis, G)major calyx, H)minor calyx
 The renal pelvis is the central collecting area of the kidney where urine is funneled into. The major and minor calyces are structures that converge into the renal pelvis and collect urine from the renal pyramids.

Answer: F)ureter, I)hilum
 The ureter is a muscular tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder. The hilum is a notch where renal vessels, nerves, and the ureter enter or exit the kidney.

Question 17

What factor drives filtration in the glomerulus?
A) Energy from ATP
B) Energy from glucose
C) Diffusion
D) A pressure gradient

Accepted Answer

Filtration in the glomerulus is primarily driven by a pressure gradient. Blood pressure in the glomerulus forces fluids and solutes to enter the glomerular capsule and form the filtrate that will eventually become urine. ATP and glucose play important roles in cellular energy metabolism but do not directly contribute to glomerular filtration. Diffusion is a passive process that occurs due to concentration gradients and does play a role in various physiological processes, but it is not the driving force behind glomerular filtration.

Question 18

What is the renal tubule?
A) A mass of capillaries that makes up the glomerulus
B) Branches of the renal artery that supplies blood to the renal cortex
C) A collection of tubelike structures that leads away from the glomerulus
D) Tubelike structures that converge to form the ureter

Accepted Answer

The renal tubule is a collection of tubelike structures that lead away from the glomerulus in the nephron. They include the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule, and are responsible for reabsorption and secretion of various substances.

Question 19

Match each renal structure with its location or function.
-Divide the interior of the kidney into cone-shaped sections
A)renal cortex
B)renal medulla
C)renal pyramids
D)renal columns
E)renal pelvis
F)ureter
G)major calyx
H)minor calyx
I)hilum

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match each renal structure with its location...

Question 20

Match each renal structure with its location or function.
-Structure that becomes the ureter
A)renal cortex
B)renal medulla
C)renal pyramids
D)renal columns
E)renal pelvis
F)ureter
G)major calyx
H)minor calyx
I)hilum

Accepted Answer

The renal pelvis is the structure that becomes the ureter as urine is transported to the bladder.

Answer: C, D
 The renal pyramids and renal columns are located in the renal medulla and are responsible for the production and transportation of urine.

Answer: G, H
 The major and minor calyces are responsible for collecting urine from the renal pyramids and transporting it to the renal pelvis.

Answer: I
 The hilum is the entrance and exit point of the renal artery, renal vein, and ureter in and out of the kidney.

Quiz 18: Urinary System

What is the purpose of the adipose tissue surrounding the kidneys?

Match each renal structure with its location or function. -The inner region of the kidney

Aldosterone causes which of the following?

Where are the renal corpuscles of the nephrons located?

Which of the following statements accurately describes the function of Bowman's capsule?

Match each renal structure with its location or function. -Slit on concave side of kidney through which blood vessels,the ureter,and nerves enter and leave

What substance is filtered by the kidney?

Which statement about the location of the kidneys is correct?

Match each renal structure with its location or function. -Cone-shaped sections in the kidney's interior

What is the most likely cause of protein in urine?

Match each renal structure with its location or function. -Structure(s) that converge to form the renal pelvis

What is the function of peritubular capillaries?

What is the filtration unit of the kidney?

A decline in blood pressure causes juxtaglomerular cells to secrete

Which of the following correctly describes the flow of filtrate as it leaves Bowman's capsule?

Match each renal structure with its location or function. -The outer region of the kidney

What factor drives filtration in the glomerulus?

What is the renal tubule?

Match each renal structure with its location or function. -Divide the interior of the kidney into cone-shaped sections

Match each renal structure with its location or function. -Structure that becomes the ureter