Question 1

What happens as blood is transported from the aorta to the capillaries?
A) Pressure increases
B) Flow increases
C) Resistance increases
D) Velocity increases

Accepted Answer

As blood moves from the aorta to the capillaries, the total cross-sectional area of the vessels increases, leading to an increase in resistance. This is because the numerous small capillaries present a greater area of friction to the flow of blood, compared to the singular, large aorta.

Question 2

How does the cardiovascular system meet the metabolic needs of skeletal muscle during strenuous exercise?
A) It maintains blood flow at a stable rate.
B) It opens up capillary beds in skeletal muscle.
C) It temporarily diverts blood from the gastrointestinal tract and brain to get extra blood to the muscles.
D) It dilates capillaries to approximately twice their original diameter to accommodate the extra blood.

Accepted Answer

During strenuous exercise, the cardiovascular system adapts by opening up capillary beds in skeletal muscle to increase blood flow to meet the elevated metabolic demands. This process ensures that muscles receive more oxygen and nutrients, which are crucial for energy production and performance.

Question 3

The abdominal aorta divides into
A) the right and left common mesenteric arteries.
B) the right and left common iliac arteries.
C) the right and left femoral arteries.
D) the right and left popliteal arteries.

Accepted Answer

The abdominal aorta divides into the right and left common iliac arteries, which then further divide into the internal and external iliac arteries. The other options mentioned are incorrect anatomical locations for the branching of the abdominal aorta.

Question 4

What is diffusion from the standpoint of capillary exchange?
A) Movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
B) Water moves through the capillary wall from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration
C) Higher pressure within the capillary pushes plasma and dissolved nutrients through the capillary wall
D) Albumin and other proteins in blood pull tissue fluid and cellular waste products into the cell

Accepted Answer

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In capillary exchange, this refers to the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the capillary wall, from an area of higher concentration (in the blood) to an area of lower concentration (in the surrounding tissues).

Question 5

Which blood vessels connect the two sides of the vascular system?
A) Arteries
B) Veins
C) Capillaries
D) Venules

Accepted Answer

Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels that connect the arterioles and venules, allowing for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and tissues. Arteries and veins do not directly connect the two sides of the vascular system. Venules are small vessels that lead into the veins.

Question 6

Which is the correct order of vessels in the arterial system,starting at the heart?
A) Elastic arteries,distributing arteries,resistance vessels,arterioles
B) Conducting arteries,muscular arteries,elastic arteries,arterioles
C) Distributing arteries,conducting arteries,elastic arteries,arterioles
D) Conducting arteries,distributing arteries,arterioles,capillaries

Accepted Answer

The correct order of vessels in the arterial system, starting at the heart, is: conducting arteries (also known as elastic arteries), distributing arteries (also known as muscular arteries), arterioles, and then capillaries. This sequence reflects the transition from larger arteries that conduct blood away from the heart to smaller vessels that distribute blood to various parts of the body and finally to arterioles and capillaries where gas and nutrient exchange occurs.

Question 7

Which is the correct order of vessels in the venous system,beginning with capillaries?
A) Large veins,medium-sized veins,venules
B) Venules,capacitance veins,muscular veins,large veins
C) Venules,medium-sized veins,large veins
D) Large veins,medium-sized veins,small veins,venules

Accepted Answer

The order of vessels in the venous system, beginning with capillaries, is venules, medium-sized veins, large veins. Choice A is incorrect because it does not include venules. Choice B is incorrect because it includes capacitance veins and muscular veins, which are not typical classifications of veins. Choice D is incorrect because it includes small veins, which are not typically classified separately from venules.

Question 8

What would occur in the capillary bed if osmotic pressure in the venule end was equal to osmotic pressure in the tissues?
A) Oxygen would be replenished in the tissues.
B) Protein would escape from the blood into the surrounding tissue.
C) Waste products from the surrounding cells would enter the capillary.
D) Carbon dioxide and waste products would remain in the tissue fluid.

Accepted Answer

If osmotic pressure in the venule end of capillaries is equal to osmotic pressure in the tissues, there would be no net movement of fluid into the capillaries. This would impair the removal of carbon dioxide and waste products from the tissue fluid, causing them to remain in the tissue.

Question 9

Which arteries provide most of the brain's blood supply?
A) Right and left jugular arteries
B) Right and left common carotid arteries
C) Right and left subclavian arteries
D) Right and left vertebral arteries.

Accepted Answer

The right and left common carotid arteries supply most of the blood to the brain. They branch into the internal and external carotid arteries, with the internal carotids providing the majority of blood flow to the brain.

Question 10

Which blood vessel has the most significant role in controlling the amount of blood reaching the tissues?
A) Aorta
B) Arteriole
C) Venule
D) Distributing artery

Accepted Answer

Arterioles are the smallest arteries that play a crucial role in controlling blood flow to the tissues. They regulate blood flow by contracting and relaxing, which determines the amount of blood that reaches the capillaries. This is essential for maintaining blood pressure, delivering adequate oxygen and nutrients to the tissues, and removing waste products. While the aorta is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body, it does not have as significant a role in controlling blood flow as arterioles do. Venules and distributing arteries are also important for blood flow, but they do not have as direct and powerful an effect on controlling blood flow as arterioles.

Question 11

Capillary walls are composed of
A) two layers: the tunica media and the tunica intima.
B) a single layer of endothelium with basement membrane.
C) a single layer of connective tissue with endothelium.
D) three layers: a layer of endothelium,a layer of smooth muscle and elastic tissue,and a layer of connective tissue.

Accepted Answer

Capillary walls consist of a single layer of endothelium with a basement membrane. This thin layer allows for the exchange of materials between the blood and tissues.

Question 12

Which blood vessels have the greatest ability to expand and recoil,and why is this important?
A) Medium-sized veins,because it helps them carry varying amounts of blood
B) Conducting arteries,so they can manage the surge of blood with systole and help propel blood during diastole
C) Arterioles,because they must constrict or dilate to control blood pressure
D) Capillaries,because they must supply more blood during stress or exercise

Accepted Answer

Conducting arteries have the greatest ability to expand and recoil because they must manage the surge of blood with systole and (with their elastic properties) propel blood during diastole. This is important because it helps to maintain blood pressure and flow throughout the arterial system.

Question 13

Which process pushes plasma and dissolved nutrients through the arterial end of the capillary wall?
A) Colloidal pressure
B) Diffusion
C) Osmosis
D) Filtration

Accepted Answer

The process that pushes plasma and dissolved nutrients through the arterial end of the capillary wall is filtration. This involves hydrostatic pressure (created by the heart pumping blood) forcing fluids through the walls of the capillary and into the interstitial space.

Question 14

Which are the three branches of the aortic arch?
A) Descending aorta,thoracic aorta,and left common carotid
B) Brachiocephalic artery,thoracic aorta,and ascending aorta
C) Left common carotid,brachiocephalic,and left subclavian arteries
D) Left common carotid,right common carotid,and coronary arteries

Accepted Answer

The three branches of the aortic arch are the left common carotid, brachiocephalic, and left subclavian arteries.

Question 15

How are capillaries organized?
A) Each arteriole narrows until it becomes a capillary,after which it increases in diameter to become a venule.
B) Capillaries are organized according to the needs of the tissue; some tissues have large capillary networks because they require rapid exchange of nutrients,chemicals,or gases,whereas other areas have no capillaries because arterioles supply sufficient amounts of blood.
C) Capillaries branch off of arterioles to form a bed,or network,of many capillaries.
D) Capillaries branch into sinusoids where the exchange of nutrients and gases takes place.

Accepted Answer

Capillaries branch off of arterioles to form a bed, or network, of many capillaries. This capillary bed provides a large surface area for the exchange of nutrients and gases. After passing through the capillary bed, the blood is collected by venules, which then join to form larger veins that return the blood to the heart.

Question 16

The coronary arteries arise from which major artery?
A) Ascending aorta
B) Left subclavian artery
C) Common carotid artery
D) Brachiocephalic artery

Accepted Answer

The coronary arteries arise from the ascending aorta, just above the aortic valve.

Question 17

Why is it important for the tunica intima to be smooth?
A) To make stretching easier
B) To increase recoil power
C) To help prevent aneurysms
D) To help prevent blood clots

Accepted Answer

A smooth tunica intima helps prevent blood clots by reducing the risk of platelet activation and aggregation which can lead to clot formation.

Question 18

Which area of the aorta supplies blood to the liver?
A) Descending aorta
B) Abdominal aorta
C) Aortic arch
D) Thoracic aorta

Accepted Answer

The abdominal aorta is the segment of the aorta that runs through the abdomen, and provides blood supply to the organs in the abdominal cavity, including the liver.

Question 19

A patient who cannot walk because of severe arthritis develops edema in both ankles.Based on your understanding of edema,capillary pressure,and mechanisms of capillary exchange,which action would help decrease the patient's edema?
A) Restrict fluid intake.
B) Elevate the patient's legs.
C) Provide a high-protein diet.
D) Increase fluid intake.

Accepted Answer

Elevating the patient's legs helps decrease edema by increasing the hydrostatic pressure in the veins and decreasing the pressure in the capillaries, which promotes fluid movement back into circulation. Restricting fluid intake and providing a high-protein diet may be helpful in managing the underlying cause of the edema, but will not directly reduce the edema. Increasing fluid intake may actually exacerbate the edema.

Question 20

Which best explains how the vascular system maintains blood pressure?
A) Arterioles dilate or constrict to provide the correct amount of resistance to blood flow.
B) Medium-sized veins constrict to help maintain blood pressure when blood pressure drops.
C) Distributing arteries carry blood evenly throughout the body to maintain a stable blood pressure.
D) Veins and arteries work together to maintain blood pressure at or near 110/70 mm Hg.

Accepted Answer

Arterioles are small muscular vessels that can dilate or constrict to adjust the amount of resistance to blood flow, which helps to maintain blood pressure.

Quiz 15: Vascular System

What happens as blood is transported from the aorta to the capillaries?

How does the cardiovascular system meet the metabolic needs of skeletal muscle during strenuous exercise?

The abdominal aorta divides into

What is diffusion from the standpoint of capillary exchange?

Which blood vessels connect the two sides of the vascular system?

Which is the correct order of vessels in the arterial system,starting at the heart?

Which is the correct order of vessels in the venous system,beginning with capillaries?

What would occur in the capillary bed if osmotic pressure in the venule end was equal to osmotic pressure in the tissues?

Which arteries provide most of the brain's blood supply?

Which blood vessel has the most significant role in controlling the amount of blood reaching the tissues?

Capillary walls are composed of

Which blood vessels have the greatest ability to expand and recoil,and why is this important?

Which process pushes plasma and dissolved nutrients through the arterial end of the capillary wall?

Which are the three branches of the aortic arch?

How are capillaries organized?

The coronary arteries arise from which major artery?

Why is it important for the tunica intima to be smooth?

Which area of the aorta supplies blood to the liver?

A patient who cannot walk because of severe arthritis develops edema in both ankles.Based on your understanding of edema,capillary pressure,and mechanisms of capillary exchange,which action would help decrease the patient's edema?

Which best explains how the vascular system maintains blood pressure?