Question 1

Annette is an adolescent with extreme social anxiety.Dr.Benson's treatment plan for Annette focuses on rewarding her whenever she takes a step toward conquering her fears.In this scenario,Dr.Benson adheres most closely to the _____ approach to psychology.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Benson's treatment plan of rewarding Annette for taking steps towards conquering her fears is a classic example of behaviorism, which focuses on how individuals' behavior is shaped by environmental factors such as rewards and punishments.

Question 2

A family therapist tells Mr.and Mrs.Johnson that they will have to take away some of their son's privileges if they want him to stop bullying his younger brother.In the context of psychological perspectives,the family therapist most likely follows the _____ approach to psychology.

Accepted Answer

The therapist's suggestion of removing privileges as a consequence for the son's behavior is aligned with the principles of behavioral psychology, which focuses on how external environmental factors shape behavior through reinforcement and punishment. The evolutionary perspective emphasizes the role of natural selection and adaptation, while the cognitive approach centers on how mental processes influence behavior. The psychodynamic approach explores the role of unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences on behavior, which is not directly applicable to the therapist's suggestion in this scenario.

Question 3

Eva is a five-year-old girl who has been brought to Dr.Frost for therapy because she has suddenly stopped speaking;she answers no questions and communicates with no one.Dr.Frost uses techniques intended to uncover Eva's unconscious thoughts or experiences.He believes that the answer lies within her mind.In this scenario,Dr.Frost is following the _____ approach to psychology.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Frost's use of techniques intended to uncover unconscious thoughts or experiences is consistent with the psychodynamic approach to psychology, which emphasizes the role of unconscious processes in shaping behavior and personality.

Question 4

Which of the following psychologists was a leading proponent of behaviorism?

Accepted Answer

B.F. Skinner was a leading proponent of behaviorism, which emphasizes the role of environmental factors in shaping and controlling behavior. Carl Rogers is associated with humanistic psychology, Ivan Pavlov is known for his work in classical conditioning, and Sigmund Freud is often associated with psychoanalysis.

Question 5

Which of the following is true of neuroscience as a contemporary approach to psychology?

Accepted Answer

Neuroscience emphasizes the importance of the brain in understanding behavior, thought, and emotion. It uses methods such as brain imaging and studying the structure and function of the brain to gain insight into psychological processes. Option A is incorrect as natural selection is a concept in evolutionary psychology, which is a different approach to psychology. Option B is incorrect as the study of the unconscious is more closely associated with psychoanalytic and psychodynamic approaches. Option C is incorrect as psychological phenomena such as thoughts and emotions cannot always be directly observed.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following best describes
...

Question 7

The _____ approach to psychology emphasizes the scientific study of observable responses and their environmental determinants.

Accepted Answer

The behavioral approach to psychology focuses on observable behavior, rather than thoughts or feelings. It emphasizes the study of how environmental factors shape behavior, and how behavior can be modified or learned through conditioning.

Question 8

The emergence of _____ has perhaps contributed the most to physiological psychology.

Accepted Answer

Neuroscience, which is the study of the nervous system, including the brain, has greatly contributed to the understanding of physiological psychology. Through neuroscience, researchers have been able to investigate the biological and chemical processes that occur within the brain and how they relate to behavior and mental processes. This has allowed for a more comprehensive understanding of the brain-behavior relationship, which is at the core of physiological psychology.

Question 9

Katherine,a socially inhibited teenager,has always been withdrawn and isolated at her rehabilitation center.However,one day she voluntarily initiates and maintains a conversation with another teenager.Which of the following explanations is most applicable to her behavior in the context of the behavioral approach?

Accepted Answer

The behavioral approach focuses on observable behaviors and the ways they are learned or reinforced. If Katherine initiates a conversation due to a promised reward, it aligns with the principles of operant conditioning, where behavior is influenced by its consequences.

Question 10

Professor Alan is studying the regions of the brain that are activated when his subjects view disturbing images from horror movies In the context of perspectives in psychology,the professor is using the _____ approach in his study.

Accepted Answer

The professor is studying the biological aspects of the brain that are activated when subjects view disturbing images, indicating a focus on the biological approach in his study.

Question 11

Psychologists use the perspective of _____ to study the role of the brain in psychological processes.

Accepted Answer

The perspective of neuroscience involves using knowledge about the brain and nervous system to understand behavior and mental processes. This includes studying the structure and function of the brain, as well as how different areas of the brain are involved in various psychological processes like perception, memory, emotion, and language. Psychologists who use this perspective may use techniques like neuroimaging (such as fMRI or PET scans) to observe brain activity while participants are performing various tasks, or they may study patients with brain damage or neurological disorders to understand how certain areas of the brain are related to specific psychological processes.

Question 12

Jason,a nineteen-year-old,has been depressed for a few years.Even after talking to various therapists,he is unable to get to the cause of his depression.He worries that his symptoms may be the result of experiences in his childhood that he has no memory of.In this scenario,the causes of Jason's depression may be best uncovered by a _____.

Accepted Answer

A psychoanalyst may be particularly helpful in uncovering unconscious memories or experiences that may be contributing to Jason's depression. This approach focuses on exploring the unconscious mind and childhood experiences, which may help Jason gain insight into the cause of his depression.

Question 13

A psychologist who is more interested in what a person does than how a person feels,has most likely adopted the _____ approach to psychology.

Accepted Answer

The behavioral approach to psychology focuses on observing and studying behavior, rather than analyzing internal thoughts and emotions. Therefore, a psychologist who is more interested in what a person does than how they feel is likely using a behavioral approach.

Question 14

Which of the following is most likely to be the focus of study for a behavioral psychologist?

Accepted Answer

Behavioral psychology is focused on the study of how environmental factors, such as rewards and punishments, shape behavior. Choice A is more related to the study of emotions and experiences, whereas Choice B is related to the study of sensory perception. Choice D is more related to the study of cognitive psychology and mental imagery.

Question 15

Jake,a researcher,measures the levels of testosterone in adult males when they perform aggressive acts.He is of the opinion that hormone levels are the single-most prominent cause of male aggression.In this scenario,Jake is most likely using the _____ approach in his study.

Accepted Answer

Jake's focus on measuring hormone levels as the primary cause of male aggression suggests that he is taking a biological approach to his study. This approach emphasizes the importance of biological factors, such as genetics and hormones, in understanding human behavior.

Question 16

Timothy is a behavioral psychologist.Which of the following techniques is he most likely to use to motivate a little girl to clean her room?

Accepted Answer

Behavioral psychologists often use reinforcement techniques, such as offering rewards, to encourage desired behaviors.

Question 17

Individuals who believe that rewards and punishments determine our actions are following the _____ approach to psychology.

Accepted Answer

The behavioral approach to psychology focuses on how external rewards and punishments shape and determine behavior. This approach emphasizes observable and measurable behavior rather than internal mental processes or unconscious motivations, which are the focus of other approaches such as the psychodynamic and biological perspectives. The evolutionary perspective considers how behavior has evolved over time, but may not necessarily emphasize rewards and punishments as the primary determinant of behavior.

Question 18

Which perspective of psychology most clearly focuses on observable responses?

Accepted Answer

Behaviorism is the perspective that most clearly focuses on observable responses. It is an approach in psychology that emphasizes the study of observable behavior rather than internal mental processes.

Question 19

Dr.Stanley,a psychologist,conducts a study on the effect of the color red on babies.Although there is no visible change in the babies when they see the color red,he studies their neural patterns and notes that specific sections of their brains are being stimulated by the color.In this scenario,which of the following approaches has Dr.Stanley used for his research?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Stanley has used the biological approach, as he is studying the brain's response to the color red. The psychodynamic approach focuses on unconscious conflicts, the cognitive approach on thought processes, and the behavioral approach on observable behavior.

Question 20

In psychology,John

Accepted Answer

John Watson, a key figure in psychology, emphasized behaviorism, which focuses on observable and measurable interactions with the environment, rather than introspection or unconscious processes.

Quiz 1: What Is Psychology?