Question 1

In the context of memory processes,which of the following scenarios best illustrates the process of retrieving information?

Accepted Answer

Retrieving information involves accessing previously learned or stored information from memory. Martha reciting a poem she learned in school demonstrates retrieval because she is recalling and using information she has already learned. The other scenarios involve input (watching a play, reading a book) or encoding (listening to a lecture).

Question 2

Ashley is in the habit of listening to music while studying.She usually puts her headphones on when she's reading through a textbook.In this scenario,Ashley is demonstrating _____.

Accepted Answer

Ashley is multitasking and dividing her attention between studying and listening to music, which can lead to decreased efficiency and retention of the material.

Question 3

Intermediate processing in memory is the level at which _____.

Accepted Answer

B

Question 4

The first step in memory is _____.

Accepted Answer

The first step in memory is encoding, which is the process of transforming information into a form that can be stored and retrieved later. This includes converting sensory information into a neural code that can be processed by the brain. Retrieval is the process of accessing stored information, and storage refers to the maintenance of information over time. Priming is a phenomenon related to memory, but it involves the activation of related concepts or associations that can influence the processing of new information.

Question 5

_____ refers to the process by which information gets into memory storage.

Accepted Answer

Encoding is the process of getting information into memory storage. Retrieval refers to accessing information that is already in memory, while recall is the process of bringing previously learned information back into conscious awareness. Priming refers to the activation of particular associations or memories in memory as a result of exposure to related stimuli.

Question 6

_____ is the ability to maintain attention to a selected stimulus for a prolonged period of time.

Accepted Answer

Sustained attention is the ability to maintain focus on a particular task or stimulus for an extended period of time, without becoming distracted or disengaged. Multitasking and divided attention involve splitting one's focus between multiple stimuli or tasks, while chunking refers to the process of breaking information down into smaller, more manageable chunks.

Question 7

Albert is listening intently to his principal's lecture on the advancement of scientific research.In this scenario,Albert is most likely _____.

Accepted Answer

Encoding is the process of taking information from the environment and converting it into a form that can be stored in memory. In this scenario, Albert is actively listening and paying attention to his principal's lecture, which suggests that he is in the process of encoding the information he is receiving into his memory.

Question 8

Which of the following is true of shallow processing in memory?

Accepted Answer

Shallow processing involves the analysis of physical and perceptual features of a stimulus rather than its semantic or meaningful characteristics. This type of processing is often superficial and does not lead to strong or lasting memory traces.

Question 9

In the context of memory processes,which of the following scenarios best illustrates the process of encoding information?

Accepted Answer

Encoding is the process of transforming sensory input into a form that can be stored in memory. Watching a movie involves taking in visual and auditory information and encoding it into memory.

Question 10

In the context of the processes involved in memory,storage refers to the process of _____ information.

Accepted Answer

Storage refers to the process of retaining information in memory. Therefore, option A is the correct choice. Option B refers to the process of activating information, which is not related to storage. Option C refers to the process of retrieving information from memory, which is the opposite of storage. Option D refers to the process of encoding information into memory, which occurs before storage.

Question 11

Felix,a record-holder in the area of memory skills,amazed the 150-member audience at his show when he accurately recalled all their names in correct alphabetical order.Which of the following processes of memory has Felix demonstrated in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Felix demonstrated the process of retrieval, which is the ability to access and retrieve information from long-term memory. He was able to accurately recall the names of all the members in the audience in correct alphabetical order, which shows his retrieval skills. Encoding refers to the process of transforming information into a form that can be stored in memory, storage refers to the process of keeping information in memory, and elaboration refers to the process of connecting new information to existing knowledge in memory, but none of these processes are demonstrated in this scenario.

Question 12

In the context of the processes involved in memory,which of the following best describes encoding?

Accepted Answer

Encoding refers to the initial process of taking in information and converting it into a form that can be stored in memory. Therefore, the best choice is D, "Taking in the information." Storing, retaining, and retrieving refer to later stages in the memory process.

Question 13

In the context of memory encoding,sustained attention is _____.

Accepted Answer

Sustained attention is the ability to maintain concentration to a selected stimulus for a prolonged period of time. This is important for memory encoding as it allows us to focus on and process the information being presented to us.

Question 14

_____ first suggested that encoding can be influenced by levels of processing.

Accepted Answer

Fergus Craik and Robert Lockhart first proposed the levels of processing theory in 1972, which suggested that the depth at which we process information influences how well we remember it. Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin proposed the multi-store model of memory, Eric Kandel and James Schwartz researched the neural basis of memory, and Martin Conway and David Rubin contributed to the field of autobiographical memory.

Question 15

Which of the following is true of divided attention in the context of memory encoding?

Accepted Answer

Divided attention can be especially detrimental to the process of encoding information as it involves trying to focus on multiple tasks or stimuli at the same time, which can lead to incomplete or inaccurate memory encoding.

Question 16

Moments before his exam,Daniel glances through a chapter on bioreactors in his textbook-a chapter that he has not looked at before.When he starts the exam,he is surprised to find a question on bioreactors.All Daniel can remember is the physical appearance of bioreactors and how they were labeled in the textbook.Which of the following is most likely the highest level of processing that Daniel has engaged in while encoding the information on bioreactors?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Moments before his exam,Daniel glances through a...

Question 17

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates divided attention?

Accepted Answer

Divided attention refers to the ability to process two or more different stimuli at the same time. Riley having to pay attention to the teacher while also talking to her friend in class is an example of divided attention as she is processing two different stimuli simultaneously. The other options involve either focusing on a single stimulus or processing different stimuli separately.

Question 18

Which of the following is true of the term "levels of processing" in memory?

Accepted Answer

The term "levels of processing" refers to a continuum of processing in memory, ranging from shallow to deep levels of processing. It does not negate the role of deep processing, nor does it assert that deeper processing produces poorer memory. Instead, it emphasizes that deeper levels of processing lead to better memory retention than shallow levels of processing.

Question 19

Sarah is reading a book on the different species of insects found in the Amazon Basin.In this scenario,Sarah is primarily _____.

Accepted Answer

Sarah is reading new information on a specific topic and therefore encoding this information into her memory.

Question 20

Roger witnesses a burglary.On being questioned by the police,Roger provides a vague description of the burglar,mentioning his approximate build and height,but he is unable to recall specific details.Which of the following is most likely the highest level of processing that Roger has engaged in while encoding information about the burglar?

Accepted Answer

Roger has only encoded shallow information about the burglar as he is unable to recall specific details.

Quiz 7: Memory