Question 1

Researchers from the 2013 meta-analysis found that individuals with a BMI between had the lowest probability of dying from any cause during the study periods, which may suggest that there are some benefits of being .
A)18.5-25; underweight
B)25-30; overweight
C)30-35; slightly obese
D)35-40; obese

Accepted Answer

The researchers found that individuals with a BMI between 25-30 (overweight) had the lowest probability of dying from any cause during the study periods, suggesting that there are some benefits to being overweight. The other BMI ranges presented were not associated with the lowest probability of dying.

Question 2

Jeffrey has an eating disorder.Given what you know about the gender differences in eating disorders, it is likely that he has
A)anorexia.
B)bulimia.
C)binge-eating disorder.
D)nervosa.

Accepted Answer

While eating disorders can affect individuals of any gender, research and statistics show that binge-eating disorder is more common among men compared to anorexia and bulimia, which have higher prevalence rates among women. Therefore, given the gender information provided, it is more likely for Jeffrey to have binge-eating disorder.

Question 3

Given the prevalence rates, you know that adolescent girls are likely to suffer from bulimia nervosa as compared to anorexia nervosa.
A)just as
B)more
C)a little less
D)a lot less

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that bulimia nervosa is more commonly diagnosed in adolescent girls compared to anorexia nervosa. Studies have reported that bulimia nervosa has a prevalence rate of around 0.5-1% in adolescent girls, while anorexia nervosa has a prevalence rate of around 0.3-0.4%. Therefore, choice B, "more", is the correct answer.

Question 4

Which of the following provides the best support for the idea that Westernized lifestyles can have negative long-term health consequences?
A)Eating junk food and engaging in less physical activity dramatically increased diabetes in India.
B)Opioid and alcohol abuse increased white American death rates.
C)The availability of rotavirus vaccines reduced childhood hospitalization.
D)Access to affordable health care reduced death rates of black Americans.

Accepted Answer

Choice A specifically states the negative long-term health consequence of a Westernized lifestyle (in this case, increased diabetes rates in India due to junk food and less physical activity). Choices B, C, and D do not directly address the negative long-term health consequences of Westernized lifestyles.

Question 5

Which country has the highest proportion of smokers worldwide?
A)United States
B)India
C)China
D)Japan

Accepted Answer

China has the highest proportion of smokers worldwide, with an estimated 300 million smokers. This is due to a combination of factors including cultural acceptance of smoking, lack of enforcement of smoking bans, and readily available tobacco products. While countries like the United States and Japan have high absolute numbers of smokers, they do not have as high a proportion of smokers relative to their population size. India has a large absolute number of smokers as well, but has a lower proportion due to its large population size.

Question 6

Imagine that you work for a life insurance company.You are setting premiums for insurance based on life expectancy.Assuming you charge a higher premium for people expected to have shorter lives, you know that will generally pay more for life insurance than .
A)males; females
B)females; males
C)children; adults
D)white individuals; black individuals

Accepted Answer

Statistically, males tend to have a shorter life expectancy compared to females, leading insurance companies to often charge higher premiums for males.

Question 7

Research in different cultural contexts reveals that obesity is
A)stigmatized in some of them and respected in others.
B)universally rejected and devalued.
C)associated with lower economic status, particularly in developing countries.
D)positively associated with social status in most cultures.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that certain cultures may stigmatize obesity, while others may view it as a sign of prosperity or beauty. For example, in Western cultures, obesity is generally stigmatized and associated with negative stereotypes and assumptions, whereas in some Pacific Island cultures, obesity is considered a symbol of wealth and status.

Question 8

In distinguishing between the body mass index BMI) and the body shape index BSI), you know that the BMI is a calculation of , whereas the BSI is a measure that mainly takes into consideration .
A)body weight relative to height; the amount of one's abdominal fat
B)body weight relative to height; one's height
C)abdominal fat relative to height; one's age
D)abdominal fat relative to height; one's hip measurement

Accepted Answer

BMI is a ratio of body weight to height, while BSI takes into consideration the amount of abdominal fat, which is a better indicator of health risks than overall body weight or body shape.

Question 9

Evidence that humans have a set-point for weight is reflected in the fact that
A)when prisoners were fed large amounts of food, they gained less weight than they should have and returned to their normal weight when they resumed a regular diet.
B)when people diet frequently, they wind up gaining more weight than those who do not.
C)studies of semi-starvation have shown that long-term reduction in food intake causes people to lose interest in food and eating.
D)as less food is consumed, the body's ability to use the energy contained in the food is reduced.

Accepted Answer

This option reflects the concept of a set-point for weight, where the body adjusts its metabolism to maintain a certain weight despite changes in food intake. The fact that prisoners gained less weight than expected and returned to their normal weight when they resumed a regular diet supports the idea that the body has a set-point for weight. Option B refers to the concept of weight cycling, which is not necessarily related to a set-point for weight. Option C refers to the effects of semi-starvation on food intake, but it does not address the idea of a set-point for weight. Option D is not accurate, as the body actually becomes more efficient in using energy when food intake is reduced, in order to maintain the set-point for weight.

Question 10

John comes from a family in which everyone is overweight, even though people in the family appear to eat only moderate amounts of food.These circumstances are consistent with research showing that
A)food habits are primarily influenced by family attitudes.
B)the environment is more important than our genes in determining eating behavior.
C)genes play an important role in who becomes overweight.
D)food habits are determined by what foods are presented to us.

Accepted Answer

The fact that everyone in John's family is overweight suggests that genetics are likely playing a significant role in their weight. Research has shown that there is a strong genetic component to obesity and that certain genes can make a person more susceptible to gaining weight. Additionally, just because it appears that the family members are only eating moderate amounts of food does not necessarily mean that they are consuming an appropriate number of calories or that the quality of the food they are eating is adequate. Environmental factors, such as socioeconomic status or access to healthy foods, can also contribute to weight gain.

Question 11

Dora is a moderately obese woman with a full figure.Dora rarely hears negative comments about her weight.Instead, she is often complimented on how attractive her body is.Dora
A)is probably a hardy person.
B)probably lives in a developing country.
C)will nevertheless experience some negative psychological symptoms that are caused by her weight.
D)will experience a lack of congruent self-concept.

Accepted Answer

Dora's experience is more common in developing countries, where a fuller figure is often associated with beauty and health, contrasting with the beauty standards in many developed countries that often favor slimmer body types.

Question 12

One difference between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa involves
A)the degree of psychological disturbance present.
B)whether periods of dieting occur.
C)the amount of food that is typically consumed.
D)the race and class of the people who engage in each.

Accepted Answer

Anorexia nervosa is characterized by a significant restriction of food intake leading to a notably low body weight, while bulimia nervosa involves episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting. The key difference lies in the amount of food consumed and the behaviors related to food intake.

Question 13

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia differ in that
A)anorexia is associated with a higher mortality rate than bulimia.
B)anorexia is more common among men than bulimia.
C)persons suffering from anorexia tend to recover more quickly than those with bulimia.
D)those with bulimia are very underweight and practice restrained eating.

Accepted Answer

Anorexia nervosa is associated with a higher mortality rate than bulimia. According to the National Eating Disorders Association, up to 20% of people with anorexia nervosa will die prematurely from medical complications or suicide. In contrast, the mortality rate for bulimia is lower.

Question 14

Your sister has been quite thin ever since the eighth grade, but she expresses a great fear of becoming fat and is always looking for ways to lose more weight.Of the following, she is likely suffering from
A)hypothyroidism.
B)the absence of a set-point for weight control.
C)anorexia nervosa.
D)bulimia nervosa.

Accepted Answer

The description of the sister's behavior, specifically her fear of becoming fat and constant efforts to lose weight, are symptoms commonly associated with anorexia nervosa.

Question 15

Jamie is a college track star.He thought he was in great shape, so was surprised to learn that his body mass index BMI) was very high over 35).He is concerned about his health.What should you tell him that will help explain his BMI results?
A)If his cholesterol is fine, he can ignore the BMI results.
B)Being slightly overweight can have protective health properties.
C)Individuals with low BMI are at increased risk for premature death.
D)Athletes with significant amounts of muscle may have high BMI despite being in excellent shape.

Accepted Answer

Athletes with significant amounts of muscle may have high BMI despite being in excellent shape. This is because BMI only considers weight and height, not muscle mass. Therefore, Jamie's high BMI may not necessarily indicate poor health, especially if he has a high muscle mass. It is important to consider additional factors, such as cholesterol levels and overall fitness, to determine his overall health status.

Question 16

Your roommate, who is very overweight, has an identical twin whom you have never met and who lived with an adoptive family while growing up.Given what you know about genetic and environmental factors in weight status, you would
A)be unclear about the weight status of the twin.
B)guess that the twin had a similar weight status to his adoptive family members.
C)ask for more information on the attitudes of the adoptive parents toward being overweight.
D)guess that the twin is likely to be overweight.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that genetics play a significant role in a person's weight status, and identical twins tend to have similar weights regardless of their upbringing. As such, it is likely that the twin is also overweight, given that their genetic makeup is identical to that of the roommate.

Question 17

Attempting to restrain the amount you eat in order to control your weight
A)is still the best long-term weight-loss strategy yet discovered.
B)works for only about 60 percent of people over time.
C)can result in overeating when one perceives the diet has been "broken" by eating a forbidden food.
D)works best for those who are very overweight rather than moderately overweight.

Accepted Answer

Restricting the amount you eat can lead to overeating when you feel like you have "broken" your diet. This can often lead to a cycle of bingeing and restricting, which is not a sustainable long-term strategy.

Question 18

Dieting as a method of controlling weight has proved ineffective in part because
A)the diet causes metabolism to increase such that the body becomes highly efficient in using the calories that are available.
B)weight gain occurs more rapidly after each episode of dieting is terminated.
C)the body lacks a set-point for regulating weight.
D)most people have a set-point that is set too high.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that weight gain happens more rapidly after each episode of dieting is terminated. This is known as the "yo-yo effect" of weight cycling, which can be detrimental to long-term weight management goals. Other factors that contribute to the ineffectiveness of dieting include metabolic adaptations, psychological and behavioral factors, and the influence of genetics and environmental factors on weight regulation.

Question 19

Of those who develop anorexia nervosa, what percentage eventually dies from the disorder?
A)1-2 percent
B)10-15 percent
C)15-20 percent
D)25-35 percent

Accepted Answer

The answer of Of those who develop anorexia nervosa, what...

Question 20

The body mass index BMI) of an adopted child will be to the BMI of the adoptive parents and to the BMI of the biological parents.
A)similar; similar
B)unrelated; dissimilar
C)unrelated; similar
D)dissimilar; dissimilar

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that the BMI of an adopted child is unrelated to the BMI of the adoptive parents but is similar to the BMI of the biological parents. Therefore, the child's BMI is unrelated to the adoptive parents but similar to the biological parents.

Quiz 11: Health and Wellbeing

Researchers from the 2013 meta-analysis found that individuals with a BMI between had the lowest probability of dying from any cause during the study periods, which may suggest that there are some benefits of being .

Jeffrey has an eating disorder.Given what you know about the gender differences in eating disorders, it is likely that he has

Given the prevalence rates, you know that adolescent girls are likely to suffer from bulimia nervosa as compared to anorexia nervosa.

Which of the following provides the best support for the idea that Westernized lifestyles can have negative long-term health consequences?

Which country has the highest proportion of smokers worldwide?

Imagine that you work for a life insurance company.You are setting premiums for insurance based on life expectancy.Assuming you charge a higher premium for people expected to have shorter lives, you know that will generally pay more for life insurance than .

Research in different cultural contexts reveals that obesity is

In distinguishing between the body mass index BMI) and the body shape index BSI) , you know that the BMI is a calculation of , whereas the BSI is a measure that mainly takes into consideration .

Evidence that humans have a set-point for weight is reflected in the fact that

John comes from a family in which everyone is overweight, even though people in the family appear to eat only moderate amounts of food.These circumstances are consistent with research showing that

Dora is a moderately obese woman with a full figure.Dora rarely hears negative comments about her weight.Instead, she is often complimented on how attractive her body is.Dora

One difference between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa involves

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia differ in that

Your sister has been quite thin ever since the eighth grade, but she expresses a great fear of becoming fat and is always looking for ways to lose more weight.Of the following, she is likely suffering from

Jamie is a college track star.He thought he was in great shape, so was surprised to learn that his body mass index BMI) was very high over 35) .He is concerned about his health.What should you tell him that will help explain his BMI results?

Your roommate, who is very overweight, has an identical twin whom you have never met and who lived with an adoptive family while growing up.Given what you know about genetic and environmental factors in weight status, you would

Attempting to restrain the amount you eat in order to control your weight

Dieting as a method of controlling weight has proved ineffective in part because

Of those who develop anorexia nervosa, what percentage eventually dies from the disorder?

The body mass index BMI) of an adopted child will be to the BMI of the adoptive parents and to the BMI of the biological parents.