Question 1

Forgotten memories that we can easily recall were said by Freud to be

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, memories that are preconscious are those that are not currently in our conscious awareness, but can easily be brought into conscious awareness if needed. These memories can be accessed with little effort, unlike unconscious memories which are deeply buried and difficult to retrieve. Therefore, forgotten memories that can be easily recalled are likely to be preconscious rather than unconscious.

Question 2

When 2-year-old Matthew was told he would get no dessert until he finished the food on his plate,he threw his plate on the floor in a temper tantrum. Freud would have suggested that Matthew was unable to resist the demands of his

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of personality, the id is the primitive and impulsive component of personality that operates based on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of impulses and desires. In this scenario, Matthew's throwing of the plate in a temper tantrum could be seen as a manifestation of his inability to control his impulses and his desire for immediate gratification of his desire for dessert.

Question 3

According to psychoanalytic theory,the part of the personality that strives for immediate gratification of basic drives is the

Accepted Answer

According to psychoanalytic theory, the id is the part of the personality that is present at birth and contains basic drives for survival and reproduction, such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desire. The id operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of these drives without concern for consequences or social norms.

Question 4

Freud believed that certain troubling symptoms could be traced to painful unconscious memories. This led him to suspect that these symptoms resulted from

Accepted Answer

Freud believed in the power of psychological processes, specifically those that occurred unconsciously, to influence behavior and emotional experiences. He hypothesized that symptoms such as anxiety and depression could result from repressed memories and unresolved conflicts buried in the unconscious mind.

Question 5

When 16-year-old Hafez received a large inheritance from his grandfather,he was tempted to purchase an expensive new car. He decided,instead,to deposit all the money into a savings account for his postsecondary education. Hafez shows signs of a

Accepted Answer

Hafez's decision to prioritize his education over immediate gratification indicates a strong ego. The ego is responsible for mediating between the impulsive desires of the id and the moral standards of the superego, and in this case, Hafez's ego was able to prioritize his long-term goals over his immediate desires.

Question 6

Freud emphasized that the id operates on the ________ principle.

Accepted Answer

Freud emphasized that the id operates on the pleasure principle, which means it seeks immediate gratification of its desires and impulses without concern for consequences or morality. The id is the most primitive and impulsive part of the personality, made up primarily of our instincts and physical drives.

Question 7

Free association is central to the process of

Accepted Answer

Free association is a psychoanalytic technique used to bring unconscious thoughts and emotions to the surface. During a therapy session, the patient is encouraged to speak freely about their thoughts, feelings and memories, without censoring or editing themselves. The therapist then helps the patient analyze these thoughts and emotions to gain insight into their unconscious mind. Therefore, free association is central to the process of psychoanalysis.

Question 8

Which of the following techniques did Freud use to discover the latent content of his patients' dreams?

Accepted Answer

Freud used free association as a technique to uncover the latent content of his patients' dreams. This involved having the patient free-think and say whatever comes to mind without censorship, which allows for unconscious thoughts and desires to emerge.

Question 9

Mary enjoys socializing with friends and talking with them on her cell phone. Eileen prefers quiet times by herself when she can reflect on her own thoughts. The characteristics of Mary and Eileen indicate that each has a distinctive

Accepted Answer

Mary and Eileen's differing preferences for socializing vs being alone suggest that each has a distinct personality, a set of individual traits, behaviors, and thought patterns that make them unique. It is not a fixation, defense mechanism, or related to the collective unconscious.

Question 10

Freud suggested that the remembered events and images in our dreams were a censored expression of the dream's

Accepted Answer

Freud suggested that the latent content of a dream is what the dreamer truly wants, desires, or fears which is disguised by the dream's manifest content, or the remembered events and images.

Question 11

According to Freud,the unconscious is

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, the unconscious is the part of the mind that contains thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories that are not currently in conscious awareness but still exert an influence on our behavior and personality. Freud believed that accessing and understanding the unconscious was crucial for psychological healing and personal growth.

Question 12

A psychotherapist instructs Dane to relax,close his eyes,and state aloud whatever thoughts come to mind no matter how trivial or absurd. The therapist is using a technique known as

Accepted Answer

The technique described is known as free association, where the client is instructed to verbalize whatever thoughts come to mind without censorship or judgment. This technique is commonly used in psychoanalytic therapy.

Question 13

By professional training,Freud was a

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud was a physician by professional training, specifically a neurologist. He gained recognition for his work on psychoanalysis and the development of his theories on the unconscious mind. While he did have some philosophical influences, he primarily approached his work from a medical perspective.

Question 14

Psychoanalysis refers to the personality theory and therapeutic practices developed by

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalysis is a personality theory and therapeutic approach developed by Sigmund Freud. Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow developed humanistic approaches to personality and therapy, while Karen Horney developed her own psychoanalytic theory but it differs from Freud's.

Question 15

Ego is to id as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

Ego and id are two components of Sigmund Freud's theory of personality. The id operates based on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of primal desires, while the ego operates based on the reality principle, seeking to satisfy these desires in a socially acceptable way. Therefore, the best comparison to ego is the reality principle, and to id is the pleasure principle, making choice C the best answer.

Question 16

Freud became interested in unconscious personality dynamics when he noticed that certain patients' symptoms

Accepted Answer

Freud noticed that certain patients' symptoms could not be explained by physical or neurological issues, which led him to explore the idea of subconscious personality dynamics. Therefore, the best answer is D, as the symptoms could not be explained by neurological factors.

Question 17

An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking,feeling,and acting is his or her

Accepted Answer

An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting is his or her personality. Self-esteem is a component of personality, but it doesn't encompass the entire personality. The reality principle is a concept in psychoanalytic theory that refers to an individual's ability to navigate the demands of the external world while also satisfying their internal drives. The hierarchy of needs is a concept in humanistic psychology that describes how an individual's basic needs must be met before they can achieve personal growth and self-actualization.

Question 18

Freud believed that ________ are the "royal road to the unconscious."

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that dreams are the "royal road to the unconscious" because they provide insight into hidden desires, conflicts, and emotions that are suppressed in the waking state. Dreams, according to Freud, are a form of wish fulfillment that allow the individual to satisfy unacceptable desires in a disguised form. By analyzing the symbols, themes, and content of dreams, Freud believed that he could uncover the underlying psychological issues that were affecting his patients.

Question 19

According to Freud,the component of personality that mediates among the demands of the id,superego,and reality is the

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, the component of personality that mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality is the ego.

Question 20

The concept of personality most clearly embodies the notion of

Accepted Answer

Personality refers to the consistent and enduring patterns of behavior, thoughts, and emotions that characterize an individual. Therefore, the concept of personality most clearly embodies the notion of behavioral consistency. Choice A (moral integrity) is a component of personality but not the overall concept. Choice B (self-consciousness) and Choice D (self-actualization) are aspects that may be influenced by or contribute to personality, but they do not define the concept itself.

Quiz 10: Clinical Intuition