Question 1

Explain the process of microinjection.

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Question 2

Site- directed mutagenesis is an in vitro method that removes mutations at specific locations in a sequence.

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Site-directed mutagenesis is an in vitro method used to introduce specific mutations at precise locations in a DNA sequence, not to remove them.

Question 3

Strong promoters used for genetic manipulation are usually regulated by specific molecules.

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Strong promoters, such as the lac promoter and the T7 promoter, are regulated by specific molecules such as inducers and RNA polymerase, respectively. This regulation allows for precise control of gene expression and manipulation.

Question 4

Describe the three main steps to clone a gene into an organism.

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Question 5

Often organisms used as hosts for genetic engineering must have specific genotypes to be effective.

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The effectiveness of genetic engineering often depends on the specific genotype of the organism being used as a host. This is because the insertion and expression of foreign genes may only work properly in certain genetic backgrounds.

Question 6

Cloning vectors are small, independently replicating genetic elements used to replicate cloned genes.

Accepted Answer

Cloning vectors are indeed small, independently replicating genetic elements commonly used in molecular biology to replicate genes that have been cloned into them. Examples of commonly used vectors include plasmids and bacteriophages.

Question 7

Describe a method developed by molecular biologists to easily observe the success of a genetic engineering procedure involving the ligating of a gene of interest into a plasmid.

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Question 8

Modification enzymes typically methylate specific bases within the recognition sequence to prevent digestion of the nucleotide sequence by restriction endonucleases.

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Modification enzymes do indeed methylate specific bases in the recognition sequence to protect it from being cut by restriction endonucleases.

Question 9

Describe the procedure used for colony hybridization and why it is useful.

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Question 10

Describe three characteristics of an ideal cloning host for genetic engineering.

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Question 11

When is it appropriate to use an artificial chromosome vector? Describe a specific example.

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Question 12

Explain how foreign DNA of greater than 300 kbp can be inserted and stably maintained in BAC vectors.

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Question 13

Although various codons often code for the same amino acid, it is important to choose the codon preferred by the expression host itself.

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Different expression hosts may have preferences for certain codons, and choosing the preferred codon can increase expression levels and optimize protein production.

Question 14

Describe the methodology employed when antibodies are used to detect proteins.

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Question 15

Viral vectors can be used for molecular cloning, but plasmid vectors cannot.

Accepted Answer

Plasmid vectors are commonly used for molecular cloning. Viral vectors can also be used for molecular cloning but have additional applications such as gene therapy.

Question 16

Discuss why codon usage must be considered when cloning a gene into another organism.

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Question 17

Explain how a DNA library is created.

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Question 18

Compare and contrast operon and protein fusions.

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Question 19

Describe the usefulness of blue- white screening, also called a- complementation, in cloning vectors such as pUC19. Include in your answer the terms polylinker, DNA ligase, lacZ gene, insertional inactivation, Xgal, and fi- galactosidase.

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Question 20

Explain the function and usefulness of a polylinker within a vector.

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Quiz 11: Genetic Engineering