Question 1

Lithium is a naturally occurring __________.

Accepted Answer

Lithium is a naturally occurring salt that is commonly used in the treatment of bipolar disorder.

Question 2

With regard to treatment of psychological disorders, many psychological professionals believe medications work best in combination with

Accepted Answer

Many psychological professionals believe that medications work best in combination with psychotherapy. This is because psychotherapy can address underlying issues and help individuals learn new coping mechanisms, while medications can alleviate symptoms and improve overall functioning. This combination approach is often referred to as "biopsychosocial" treatment, in which the biological (medication), psychological (therapy), and social (environmental) factors are all taken into account for optimal treatment outcomes.

Question 3

Most therapists today _______.

Accepted Answer

Most therapists today do not adhere strictly to one approach. Instead, they tend to integrate different approaches depending on the individual needs and preferences of their clients. This is known as an eclectic approach and is considered the most common approach to therapy.

Question 4

What type of mental health professional must possess a doctorate in medicine?

Accepted Answer

Psychiatrists are the only type of mental health professional that must possess a doctorate in medicine. They are medical doctors who specialize in diagnosing, treating, and preventing mental illness through a combination of medication and psychotherapy.

Question 5

If Dr. Phelps uses an eclectic approach to her work as a therapist, what specifically is she doing?

Accepted Answer

An eclectic approach in therapy involves using different therapeutic approaches or techniques based on the specific needs of the client. This means that Dr. Phelps may use cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, or other approaches depending on the situation. It is not limited to one specific approach or only the newest and most innovative treatments.

Question 6

Virtually all antipsychotic drugs work by __________.

Accepted Answer

Virtually all antipsychotic drugs block dopamine receptors in the brain. This helps to reduce the activity of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that is associated with psychosis and schizophrenia. By blocking these receptors, antipsychotic drugs can help to reduce the symptoms of these disorders.

Question 7

The medical model views abnormal behavior as resulting from:

Accepted Answer

The medical model views abnormal behavior as resulting from underlying organic causes, such as genetic factors, brain damage, or biochemical imbalances. This perspective often leads to the use of medication as a primary treatment method.

Question 8

An ancient treatment for emotional disturbance was:

Accepted Answer

Trephining, or drilling a hole in the skull, was a common treatment for emotional disturbance in ancient times. It was believed to release evil spirits or pressure in the brain, although it often resulted in serious injury or death. Psychoanalysis, lobotomy, and ECT are more modern treatments and were not used in ancient times.

Question 9

Prefrontal lobotomy is one form of __________.

Accepted Answer

Prefrontal lobotomy is a form of psychosurgery, which is a type of surgical procedure that involves removing or destroying brain tissue in an attempt to improve mental health. Shock treatment (A) and EST (B) refer to electroconvulsive therapy, which is a non-surgical treatment for mental illnesses. Drug therapy (C) involves the use of medications to treat mental health conditions.

Question 10

Which of the following is TRUE of clinical psychologists who engage in private practice?

Accepted Answer

Clinical psychologists who engage in private practice must go through a licensing procedure in most states. This process typically includes a doctoral degree in psychology, completion of supervised clinical hours, and passing a state licensing exam. They do not have an M.D. degree and cannot prescribe drugs unless they also have additional training and credentials as a prescribing psychologist. They may be trained in various theoretical orientations and not necessarily limited to psychoanalysis.

Question 11

Family therapy is a form of group therapy in which

Accepted Answer

Family therapy involves the participation of all family members, with the focus on identifying and improving problematic patterns of communication and behavior within the family unit. No one individual is singled out as the problem, and the therapist works to facilitate positive interactions and solutions that benefit the entire family.

Question 12

In bilateral anterior cingulotomy,

Accepted Answer

In bilateral anterior cingulotomy, an electrode is used to destroy a small area of brain tissue. The procedure involves targeting a specific area of the brain, the anterior cingulate cortex, which is involved in regulating emotions and has been implicated in disorders such as depression and anxiety. The use of an electrode allows for precise targeting of this area, minimizing damage to surrounding brain tissue.

Question 13

As part of the medical treatment trial she is participating in for severe and suicidal depression, Kierra was given __________________, which is being investigated due to its seemingly immediate, although short-term, effects

Accepted Answer

Ketamine has been shown in recent studies to have rapid antidepressant effects, with some patients experiencing improvement within hours of receiving the drug. Its effects are short-term, however, and more research is needed to fully understand its potential as a treatment for depression.

Question 14

Typical antipsychotic drugs work by blocking what neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Typical antipsychotic drugs work by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain, specifically the D2 receptors. This leads to a decrease in dopamine activity, which can help reduce positive symptoms of psychosis such as delusions and hallucinations.

Question 15

Bradley has been on an antipsychotic drug for many years to control his schizophrenia. He has developed repetitive, involuntary jerks and movements of the face, lips, legs, and body. These side effects make up a syndrome known as

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described are consistent with tardive dyskinesia, which is a potentially irreversible side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic medication. The "Thorazine shuffle" is a term sometimes used to describe the movement difficulties that can occur with antipsychotic drugs, but it is not specific to tardive dyskinesia. Neurolepsis and psychotic syndrome are not accurate terms for this particular set of symptoms.

Question 16

Which of the following has been fairly effective in treating bipolar disorders?

Accepted Answer

Lithium carbonate has been widely used and generally effective in treating bipolar disorders. Cingulotomy is a neurosurgical procedure that has been used experimentally but is not a common treatment option. Valium is a benzodiazepine drug that is primarily used to treat anxiety disorders and not bipolar disorders. ECT is a controversial treatment that is usually only considered in severe cases of bipolar disorder where other treatments have failed.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT used in biomedical therapy?

Accepted Answer

Language is not a form of biomedical therapy. It is a form of communication and is used in therapeutic settings as a means of expressing feelings and thoughts, but it is not a direct form of treatment. Biomedical therapy typically includes the use of drugs, surgery, and other physical interventions such as electric shock therapy.

Question 18

How do most antipsychotic drugs seem to work?

Accepted Answer

Most antipsychotic drugs work by blocking the activity of dopamine in the brain, specifically the dopamine D2 receptors. This helps to reduce the symptoms of psychosis, such as hallucinations and delusions.

Question 19

What type of mental health professional is most likely to specialize in work with students?

Accepted Answer

Counseling psychologists are most likely to specialize in work with students as they are trained to provide counseling services to individuals and groups in school settings. They can help students with personal, social, educational, and career concerns. They may also work with teachers and parents to create a supportive environment for students.

Question 20

What was a major reason for the decrease in the number of psychosurgeries performed?

Accepted Answer

Developing drug treatments provided an alternative to psychosurgeries, leading to a decrease in the number of psychosurgeries being performed.

Quiz 13: Psychological Therapies