Question 1

Your teacher organizes a debate on Freudian theory. You are assigned to be on the anti-Freud side and, therefore, must point out problems in the theory. Which of the following will be at the top of your list?

Accepted Answer

One of the main criticisms of Freudian theory is that psychodynamic concepts such as the unconscious and Oedipus complex are difficult to test and verify through empirical research. This lack of scientific support makes the theory controversial and open to critique. While the other options may also be valid points of criticism, they are not as central to the debate or as widely acknowledged as the difficulty in testing psychodynamic concepts.

Question 2

Carl Jung's term for recurring themes that have been important to humans in many cultures and settings since prehistoric times, such as the concepts of mother, hero, or villain, is ______ .

Accepted Answer

Carl Jung's term for recurring themes that have been important to humans in many cultures and settings since prehistoric times is archetypes. Personas refer to the different social masks we wear in different situations. Anima refers to the feminine part of a man's personality and animus refers to the masculine part of a woman's personality. Animisms refers to the belief that all things, including inanimate objects, have a soul or spirit.

Question 3

Which neo-Freudian theorist believed social relationships were the key to understanding personality?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which neo-Freudian theorist believed social relationships were...

Question 4

You are reading an article that critiques Freud's theory. Which of the following could be the title?

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are reading an article that critiques...

Question 5

Carl Jung's term for the part of our personality that Freud referred to as the unconscious was the _____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Carl Jung's term for the part of...

Question 6

According to Karen Horney, men had __________.

Accepted Answer

Karen Horney argued that men had "womb envy", meaning they envy the capability of women to bear children. This was in contrast to Freud's theory of "penis envy" in women.

Question 7

According to Jung, the memories and behavior patterns inherited from past generations are part of the ______.

Accepted Answer

Jung believed in the existence of a collective unconscious, which is the part of the unconscious mind that is inherited and shared among all members of the human species. It contains memories, archetypes, and behavior patterns that have been passed down from past generations and are common to all cultures.

Question 8

Who of the following was NOT a neo-Freudian?

Accepted Answer

Rogers was a humanistic psychologist, not a neo-Freudian. The other three options (Horney, Jung, and Adler) were all neo-Freudians who were influenced by Freud's ideas but also developed their own theories.

Question 9

In which psychosexual stage do sexual interests reawaken and become stronger?

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychosexual development theory, the genital stage occurs during adolescence and adulthood, where sexual interests reawaken and become stronger. This stage represents the culmination of the developmental process and the individual's ability to establish healthy sexual relationships.

Question 10

What was the basis for Freud's development of his theory of the Oedipus conflict?

Accepted Answer

Freud initially believed the stories of sexual abuse told by his female patients were real memories, but later theorized that these accounts were fantasies stemming from their own unconscious desires, leading to the development of his theory of the Oedipus conflict.

Question 11

Which neo-Freudian viewed personality disturbances as resulting from the feelings of inferiority that all people share?

Accepted Answer

Alfred Adler believed that personality disturbances arise from feelings of inferiority that all people share. He argued that individuals strive to overcome their inferiorities and establish a sense of belonging and significance in life. Adler also emphasized the importance of the individual's social context and relationships in shaping their personality development.

Question 12

Jung believed that there were two levels to the unconscious mind, the personal and the ________.

Accepted Answer

According to Jung's theory, the personal unconscious contains the individual's repressed thoughts, feelings, and memories. The collective unconscious, on the other hand, contains inherited, universal symbols and archetypes that are shared among all humans.

Question 13

Your teacher organizes a debate on Freudian theory. You are assigned to be on the anti-Freud side and, therefore, must point out problems in the theory. Which of the following would be a reasonable argument for you to make?

Accepted Answer

Freud's interpretations of what his patients told him were often subjective and ambiguous, making it difficult to test the validity of his theories.

Question 14

Which of Freud's psychosexual stages is marked by successful formation of mature sexual relationships?

Accepted Answer

The genital stage, which occurs from puberty to adulthood, is marked by the successful formation of mature sexual relationships. In this stage, the individual focuses on finding a partner and establishing a permanent relationship based on mutual love and respect. This stage marks the culmination of Freud's psychosexual development theory.

Question 15

Which term was given to psychoanalysts who broke away from strict interpretation of Freud's theory and developed theories of their own that were based upon Freud's work?

Accepted Answer

Neo-Freudians were psychoanalysts who followed Freud's concepts but also built their own theories by focusing on the conscious aspects of behavior and including interpersonal relationships as an important factor. They believed Freud's theory emphasized too heavily on sexuality as the basis of behavior.

Question 16

Which defense mechanism figured prominently in the theory of Alfred Adler?

Accepted Answer

Compensation was a central concept in Adler's theory of individual psychology, which emphasizes the importance of striving for superiority and overcoming feelings of inferiority. Individuals may use compensation as a defense mechanism to cover up or make up for perceived weaknesses or inadequacies.

Question 17

According to Karen Horney, what causes us to develop a neurotic personality?

Accepted Answer

Karen Horney believed that neurotic personality is caused by being raised without love, affection, and security. She believed that a child's basic anxiety is rooted in feeling isolated and helpless in a potentially hostile world, and inadequate parenting can amplify these anxieties and lead to a neurotic personality.

Question 18

According to Freud, personality develops through a series of psychosexual stages. The last stage is called the ___________.

Accepted Answer

The genital stage is the last stage in Freud's theory of psychosexual development, which occurs during adolescence and is marked by the individual's focus on sexual desires and relationships. The other stages are the oral, anal, and phallic stages, which occur during earlier periods of development. The latency stage follows the phallic stage, during which sexual impulses are suppressed, and the individual focuses on developing social and intellectual skills.

Question 19

Which of the Freudian stages of personality development begins around puberty?

Accepted Answer

The genital stage is the last stage of Freud's psychosexual development theory, beginning at puberty. It focuses on mature sexual interests and the establishment of a balance between various life areas.

Question 20

The neo-Freudian, Carl Jung, suggested the existence of a collective unconscious that contains images shared by all people, called ______.

Accepted Answer

Carl Jung suggested the existence of a collective unconscious that contains images shared by all people, called archetypes.

Quiz 11: Theories of Personality