Question 1

The abbreviation STI stands for ________.

Accepted Answer

STI stands for sexually transmitted infection. This term is commonly used in healthcare and public health to refer to infections that are primarily spread through sexual activity, including but not limited to HIV, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. Options A, B, and C are not accurate descriptions of the term STI.

Question 2

The tendency of teenagers to feel that they are always "on stage" and that they are the center of everyone else's world, just as they are the center of their own, is a phenomenon known as _______.

Accepted Answer

The imaginary audience is a psychological phenomenon that describes the tendency of teenagers to feel that they are always "on stage" and that they are the center of everyone else's world, just as they are the center of their own. This can lead to self-consciousness, anxiety, and a heightened sense of importance. Choices A, C, and D are not related to this phenomenon.

Question 3

Abe just got his driver's license. He loves to speed around town going more than 20 miles per hour above the speed limit. He believes that he can speed through red lights due to his perfect timing. This is an example of _______.

Accepted Answer

Abe's belief that he can speed through red lights due to his perfect timing is an example of personal fable, which is a belief that one is unique and invincible, and therefore exempt from the laws of nature or consequences of risky behavior.

Question 4

Mary is an adolescent who currently has a small pimple on her cheek that is causing her to be overly self-conscious. She is convinced that everyone she meets stares at and talks about her pimple. Mary's behavior exhibits _______.

Accepted Answer

Mary's behavior exhibits imaginary audience, which is the belief that others are constantly watching and judging her every move. This is a common cognitive distortion in adolescence.

Question 5

Simone's family does not have a lot of money. Simone's mom buys her clothing from the local super store. Simone believes that other students notice that she doesn't wear brand name clothes. This is an example of _______.

Accepted Answer

This situation is an example of the imaginary audience, which is when adolescents feel like everyone is constantly watching and judging them. Simone is self-conscious about her clothing because she feels like her peers are noticing and judging her for not wearing brand name clothing.

Question 6

The growth spurt for girls typically begins at what age?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The growth spurt for girls typically begins...

Question 7

Brad is in an electronics store with his parents. He looks at the CDs and thinks for a moment that he could grab one and put it beneath his coat. As he considers this possibility, he decides not to do it because he might get caught and his parents would punish him. What stage of moral development does Brad's decision represent?

Accepted Answer

Brad's decision is based on the potential for personal punishment, which aligns with the preconventional level of Kohlberg's stages of moral development. This level is characterized by an individual's response to moral dilemmas being guided by the consequences to themselves, such as punishment or reward.

Question 8

Saul believes in the rules and thinks that people should conform to the rules and laws of society. Most likely, he is in which level of moral development?

Accepted Answer

Saul's belief in following the rules and laws of society suggests that he is in the conventional level of moral development. In this level, individuals base their morality on societal norms and rules, and aim to be a good member of society by following them.

Question 9

The growth spurt for boys typically begins at age _______.

Accepted Answer

The growth spurt for boys typically begins at around age 12.

Question 10

Puberty is defined as the_______.

Accepted Answer

Puberty is a stage of development marked by physical changes in the body as sexual development reaches its peak. These changes are driven by the production of hormones in the reproductive glands, which are stimulated by the pituitary gland. While puberty is a time when many young people may struggle to find their identity, this is not the primary definition of puberty. And while puberty typically occurs during the teenage years, it is not defined solely by age.

Question 11

Martha has been HIV-positive for several years, though she does not currently have AIDS. She is nearing the end of her first pregnancy, and is afraid that she may pass the HIV on to her child. Are her concerns warranted?

Accepted Answer

Martha's concerns are warranted because HIV can be transmitted to a baby during childbirth. However, there are interventions that can greatly reduce the chances of transmission, including antiretroviral medication during pregnancy and delivery, and a Caesarean section birth if the mother's viral load is high. It is important for Martha to discuss her options with her healthcare provider. The other options presented are incorrect: a Caesarean section birth does not eliminate the chance of transmission completely, antibodies in the fetus do not provide protection against HIV, and while the placenta does offer some protection against illnesses, it is not likely to prevent transmission of HIV from a mother to her child.

Question 12

Edmund is a Boy Scout. While on a camping trip, the scout leader tells the boys to stay away from the lake. Some of the scouts ignore the leader and go fishing by the lake anyway. Edmund wants to do what the leader tells him and believes that good behaviors are rewarded while bad behaviors are punished. Which level of moral reasoning is he in?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Edmund is a Boy Scout. While on...

Question 13

Obedience to rules because of the fear of punishment is a characteristic of _______.

Accepted Answer

Obedience based on fear of punishment is a characteristic of preconventional morality, which focuses on self-interest and avoiding punishment. Conventional morality is focused on societal norms and expectations, while principled morality and postconventional morality involve a deeper understanding of abstract principles and values.

Question 14

Most young adolescents, especially those who receive a formal high school education, are at the level of thinking that Piaget described as _______.

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory of cognitive development states that the stage of formal operations begins around age 11 and goes through adulthood. This stage is characterized by the ability to think abstractly, use logic to solve problems, think about possibilities and alternatives, and consider hypothetical situations. Most adolescents in a formal high school education are at this stage of thinking.

Question 15

The reckless risk-taking found among many adolescents is most likely due to the effects of _______.

Accepted Answer

The personal fable, which is a belief held by many adolescents that they are special and unique, can lead them to take reckless risks. They may believe that consequences won't apply to them because they are different from others.

Question 16

The STI ________, if left untreated, can eventually lead to pelvic inflammatory disease. This condition can damage the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and other nearby structures.

Accepted Answer

Chlamydia, if left untreated, can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) which can lead to damage of reproductive organs such as the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and other nearby structures. Gonorrhea can also cause PID, but chlamydia is more commonly associated with it. AIDS and HPV do not directly lead to PID.

Question 17

Last night, Allie's mom gave her a haircut. As she walked into her high school, she felt like everyone could tell that her bangs were a little uneven. This example illustrates the belief of a(n) _______.

Accepted Answer

Allie's belief that everyone could tell her hair was uneven is an example of the imaginary audience, which is a form of egocentrism where adolescents believe they are constantly being watched and judged by others.

Question 18

Fifteen-year-old Todd is writing an impassioned novel about growing up in America. In his novel, he describes his experiences in a way that portrays them as unique, such that no one has ever thought such deep thoughts or experienced such ecstasy before. Todd's writings most clearly reflect _______.

Accepted Answer

Todd's portrayal of his experiences as unique and unparalleled suggests a belief in the personal fable, a common cognitive distortion among adolescents where they believe they are invincible and their experiences are completely unique to them.

Question 19

The development of formal operations in adolescence leads to _______.

Accepted Answer

The development of formal operations in adolescence is characterized by introspection and egocentrism, as individuals develop the ability to think logically about abstract concepts and consider multiple perspectives. This can lead to increased self-awareness and self-analysis. Choices A and D are not related to the development of formal operations, and choice B is incorrect as preoperational thought occurs in early childhood rather than adolescence.

Question 20

In human beings, the brain does not complete its development until about ____ years of age.

Accepted Answer

While different regions of the brain develop at different times and rates, the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for decision making, impulse control, and planning, continues to develop until the mid-20s. This means that the brain does not complete its overall development until around age 25.

Quiz 8: Development Across the Life Span