Question 1

Some evolutionary developmentalists suggest that behaviours such as shyness and jealousy are produced in part by genetic causes because those traits helped increase the survival rates of humans' ancient relatives.

Accepted Answer

Some evolutionary developmentalists propose that certain behaviors such as shyness and jealousy have evolutionary origins and were advantageous for the survival of humans' ancient relatives, indicating a genetic component for these traits.

Question 2

Erikson believed that each of the 8 stages of psychosocial development must be addressed in order to move on to the next stage.

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development emphasized that each stage builds upon the previous one and that individuals must successfully resolve the challenges presented in each stage to move on to the next one.

Question 3

Developmentalists reject the notion that behaviour is the sole result of either nature or nurture.

Accepted Answer

Developmentalists believe that behaviour is the result of a complex interaction between both nature (biological factors) and nurture (environmental factors). They reject the idea that behaviour is determined by either one of these factors alone.

Question 4

Freud and Erikson agreed that human development is relatively complete by adolescence.

Accepted Answer

While Freud believed that personality was relatively set by early childhood, Erikson proposed that human development continues throughout the lifespan and that key developmental tasks and crises can arise in adolescence, adulthood, and old age.

Question 5

In the years ahead, it is likely that lifespan development will continue to transition from a discipline whose research focuses primarily on people in North America and Europe to research that extends to other cultures and peoples as well.

Accepted Answer

There has been a growing trend in recent years to increase cross-cultural research in lifespan development, indicating that it is likely that this trend will continue in the future.

Question 6

"Nurture" developmental influences may be biological.

Accepted Answer

"Nurture" developmental influences can include biological factors such as nutrition and exposure to toxins, as well as environmental factors such as parenting styles and cultural practices.

Question 7

Intelligence is solely determined by inherited, genetic factors.

Accepted Answer

Intelligence is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. While genetics play a role in determining certain cognitive abilities, environmental factors such as education, nutrition, and stimulation also have a significant impact on intelligence.

Question 8

In an experiment the treatment (or experimental) group is exposed to the treatment variable being studied; and the other group, known as the control group, is not.

Accepted Answer

This is a basic principle of experimental design where one group is subjected to the treatment or experimental variable, while the other group is kept as a control and not exposed to the variable in order to establish a baseline for comparison.

Question 9

In Bronfenbrenner's first of his five levels of bioecological approach, the child has an active role in shaping his/her environment.

Accepted Answer

According to Bronfenbrenner's bioecological approach, the child has an active role in shaping his/her environment in the microsystem level, which is the first of the five levels. The microsystem includes the child's immediate environment, such as family, school, and peers. The child's interactions with these people and settings can influence and shape their development.

Question 10

By and large, based upon thousands of investigations, Piaget's broad view of the sequence of cognitive development is accurate.

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory of cognitive development has been widely studied and supported by research, indicating that his sequence of cognitive development is generally accurate. However, some researchers have pointed out limitations to his theory, such as the lack of cultural variability and the underestimation of children's cognitive abilities at younger ages.

Question 11

Using information-processing terminology, neo-Piagetian theory suggests that cognitive development proceeds at the same rate for all areas, for example, it proceeds at the same rate for both reading ability and abstract computational abilities.

Accepted Answer

Neo-Piagetian theory suggests that cognitive development does not proceed at the same rate for all areas, but rather progresses through different stages for different aspects of cognition. For example, reading ability may progress more quickly or slowly than abstract computational abilities, depending on the individual's stage of cognitive development in each area.

Question 12

Classical conditioning is the only type of learning derived from the behavioural perspective.

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning is one type of learning derived from the behavioural perspective, but there are other types of learning, such as operant conditioning and observational learning.

Question 13

A correlational study can conclude that the viewing of television aggression causes more aggressive behaviour in children.

Accepted Answer

A correlational study can identify relationships between variables but cannot establish causation due to the lack of control over variables and potential for confounding factors.

Question 14

All claims and theories derived from the various developmental perspectives are accurate.

Accepted Answer

While each developmental perspective offers valuable insights into the complexities of human development, none can fully capture the entirety of the human experience. Additionally, there may be conflicting or contradictory claims within and between different perspectives. Therefore, no single perspective can be deemed entirely accurate.

Quiz 1: An Introduction to Lifespan Development