Question 1

Sorites 1I
Given the following sorites:
Some M are H.
All G are Q.
All S are G.

-For Sorites 1I, the second intermediate conclusion is:

Accepted Answer

The second intermediate conclusion in a Sorites 1I syllogism typically follows from the premises leading up to it, focusing on the logical relationship between the terms involved. In this context, "No S are H" correctly follows the pattern of reasoning where terms are systematically related to each other to draw intermediate conclusions.

Question 2

Syllogism 4I
Given the following syllogism:
Games are not fun unless they are challenging, so chess is fun, because chess is challenging.
-For Syllogism 4I, the conclusion is:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Syllogism 4I
Given the following syllogism:
Games are not...

Question 3

Syllogism 1I
Given the following syllogism:
No unpopular monarchs are autocrats with vision, so some autocrats without vision are not insane leaders, for some sane leaders are popular monarchs.
-For Syllogism 1I, the minor premise is:

Accepted Answer

The minor premise of this syllogism states that "some sane leaders are popular monarchs."

Question 4

Given the following sorites: No S are A.
All N are A.
All T are N.
Some R are T.
Some R are not S.
This sorites is:

Accepted Answer

The sorites is valid because it follows the logical structure without breaking any rules of syllogism. Each statement logically leads to the next, and the conclusion that "Some R are not S" is supported by the premises given, without violating the distribution of terms or the requirement for a negative premise to lead to a negative conclusion.

Question 5

Syllogism 2I
Given the following syllogism:
Some factually incorrect accounts are interesting novels, for some inspired stories are factually correct accounts, and all boring novels are uninspired stories.
-After reducing the number of terms in Syllogism 2I, the conclusion is:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Syllogism 2I
Given the following syllogism:
Some factually incorrect...

Question 6

Syllogism 1I
Given the following syllogism:
No unpopular monarchs are autocrats with vision, so some autocrats without vision are not insane leaders, for some sane leaders are popular monarchs.
-After reducing the number of terms in Syllogism 1I, the conclusion is:

Accepted Answer

To reduce the number of terms in the syllogism, we can substitute "unpopular monarchs" with "sane leaders" in the first premise.

Revised syllogism: 
No sane leaders are autocrats with vision, so some autocrats without vision are not insane leaders, for some sane leaders are popular monarchs.

The conclusion of the syllogism is: 
Some sane leaders are not autocrats with vision. (Option A)

This conclusion is supported by the second premise ("some autocrats without vision are not insane leaders") and the third premise ("some sane leaders are popular monarchs"). It is important to note that the conclusion does not state that all sane leaders are not autocrats with vision or that all autocrats with vision are not sane leaders.

Question 7

Syllogism 2I
Given the following syllogism:
Some factually incorrect accounts are interesting novels, for some inspired stories are factually correct accounts, and all boring novels are uninspired stories.
-For Syllogism 2I, the major premise is:

Accepted Answer

The major premise of this syllogism is "some inspired stories are factually correct accounts." This statement serves as the foundation for the rest of the premises and conclusions in the syllogism. It is important to note that the other statements in the syllogism do not necessarily have to be true, but they are assumed to be true for the sake of the argument. Therefore, choice B is the best option as it accurately reflects the major premise.

Question 8

Syllogism 2I
Given the following syllogism:
Some factually incorrect accounts are interesting novels, for some inspired stories are factually correct accounts, and all boring novels are uninspired stories.
-For Syllogism 2I, the minor premise is:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Syllogism 2I
Given the following syllogism:
Some factually incorrect...

Question 9

Sorites 1I
Given the following sorites:
Some M are H.
All G are Q.
All S are G.

-For Sorites 1I, the correct standard form is:

Accepted Answer

This is the correct standard form of Sorites 1I. The conclusion follows logically from the premises.

Question 10

Sorites 1I
Given the following sorites:
Some M are H.
All G are Q.
All S are G.

-For Sorites 1I, the first intermediate conclusion is:

Accepted Answer

From the premises, we can infer that all S are G and all G are Q. Therefore, all S must be Q.

Question 11

Syllogism 3I
Given the following syllogism:
Taffy must not be a dog because Taffy climbs trees and dogs never climb trees.
-For Syllogism 3I, the minor premise is:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Syllogism 3I
Given the following syllogism:
Taffy must not...

Question 12

Syllogism 4I
Given the following syllogism:
Games are not fun unless they are challenging, so chess is fun, because chess is challenging.
-After translating Syllogism 4I into standard form, the conclusion is:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Syllogism 4I
Given the following syllogism:
Games are not...

Question 13

Given the following enthymeme: Cathy is never happy when it rains, so Cathy must not be happy now.
The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:

Accepted Answer

The missing premise in the enthymeme is that it is currently raining. Once we add this premise, we have a valid syllogism: 
Premise 1: Whenever Cathy is unhappy it rains.
Premise 2: It is raining now.
Conclusion: Cathy is unhappy now.

Question 14

Syllogism 3I
Given the following syllogism:
Taffy must not be a dog because Taffy climbs trees and dogs never climb trees.
-For Syllogism 3I, the major premise is:

Accepted Answer

The major premise in this syllogism is a general statement about a category of things, in this case, dogs, and their relationship to the action of climbing trees. Option D, "No dogs are animals that climb trees," directly states this relationship, making it the correct major premise for the given syllogism.

Question 15

Syllogism 1I
Given the following syllogism:
No unpopular monarchs are autocrats with vision, so some autocrats without vision are not insane leaders, for some sane leaders are popular monarchs.
-For Syllogism 1I, the major premise is:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Syllogism 1I
Given the following syllogism:
No unpopular monarchs...

Question 16

Syllogism 3I
Given the following syllogism:
Taffy must not be a dog because Taffy climbs trees and dogs never climb trees.
-After translating Syllogism 3I into standard form, the conclusion is:

Accepted Answer

In this syllogism, the major premise is "dogs never climb trees" and the minor premise is "Taffy climbs trees." From these premises, we can deduce the conclusion that "Taffy must not be a dog." The standard form of this syllogism is:

Major premise: All dogs are animals that do not climb trees.
Minor premise: Taffy is an animal that climbs trees.
Conclusion: Taffy is not a dog.

This corresponds to choice C, "No animals identical to Taffy are dogs."

Question 17

Given the following enthymeme: The office is closed today, because today is Sunday.
The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:

Accepted Answer

The missing statement needed to complete the syllogism is that the office is closed on Sunday, which directly supports the reason given for the office being closed today, assuming today is Sunday.

Question 18

Syllogism 4I
Given the following syllogism:
Games are not fun unless they are challenging, so chess is fun, because chess is challenging.
-For Syllogism 4I, the major premise is:

Accepted Answer

The major premise in this syllogism is "Games are not fun unless they are challenging". This translates to "All fun games are challenging games." Therefore, the best choice is A.

Question 19

Sorites 1I
Given the following sorites:
Some M are H.
All G are Q.
All S are G.

-For Sorites 1I, the correct answer is:

Accepted Answer

Sorites 1I is a form of argument or syllogism in logic. For an argument to be valid, its conclusion must logically follow from its premises, regardless of the truth of the premises. The term "valid" does not assess the truth of the premises but rather the logical structure of the argument. Since Sorites 1I is a structured logical argument, if it is correctly formed, it is considered valid. The terms "sound," "unsound," and "cogent" relate to different criteria, including the truth of premises and inductive strength, which are not relevant to the structural validity assessed here.

Question 20

Given the following enthymeme: Anyone who smokes is asking for trouble, and Fred smokes two packs per day.
The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:

Accepted Answer

The missing premise for the enthymeme is "Fred is a person who smokes." With this added premise, we can form the following syllogism:
Premise 1: Anyone who smokes is asking for trouble.
Premise 2: Fred is a person who smokes.
Conclusion: Fred is asking for trouble.
Therefore, the best choice is E, as it accurately completes the syllogism.

Quiz 5: Categorical Syllogisms

Sorites 1I Given the following sorites: Some M are H. All G are Q. All S are G. -For Sorites 1I, the second intermediate conclusion is:

Syllogism 4I Given the following syllogism: Games are not fun unless they are challenging, so chess is fun, because chess is challenging. -For Syllogism 4I, the conclusion is:

Syllogism 1I Given the following syllogism: No unpopular monarchs are autocrats with vision, so some autocrats without vision are not insane leaders, for some sane leaders are popular monarchs. -For Syllogism 1I, the minor premise is:

Given the following sorites: No S are A. All N are A. All T are N. Some R are T. Some R are not S. This sorites is:

Syllogism 2I Given the following syllogism: Some factually incorrect accounts are interesting novels, for some inspired stories are factually correct accounts, and all boring novels are uninspired stories. -After reducing the number of terms in Syllogism 2I, the conclusion is:

Syllogism 1I Given the following syllogism: No unpopular monarchs are autocrats with vision, so some autocrats without vision are not insane leaders, for some sane leaders are popular monarchs. -After reducing the number of terms in Syllogism 1I, the conclusion is:

Syllogism 2I Given the following syllogism: Some factually incorrect accounts are interesting novels, for some inspired stories are factually correct accounts, and all boring novels are uninspired stories. -For Syllogism 2I, the major premise is:

Syllogism 2I Given the following syllogism: Some factually incorrect accounts are interesting novels, for some inspired stories are factually correct accounts, and all boring novels are uninspired stories. -For Syllogism 2I, the minor premise is:

Sorites 1I Given the following sorites: Some M are H. All G are Q. All S are G. -For Sorites 1I, the correct standard form is:

Sorites 1I Given the following sorites: Some M are H. All G are Q. All S are G. -For Sorites 1I, the first intermediate conclusion is:

Syllogism 3I Given the following syllogism: Taffy must not be a dog because Taffy climbs trees and dogs never climb trees. -For Syllogism 3I, the minor premise is:

Syllogism 4I Given the following syllogism: Games are not fun unless they are challenging, so chess is fun, because chess is challenging. -After translating Syllogism 4I into standard form, the conclusion is:

Given the following enthymeme: Cathy is never happy when it rains, so Cathy must not be happy now. The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:

Syllogism 3I Given the following syllogism: Taffy must not be a dog because Taffy climbs trees and dogs never climb trees. -For Syllogism 3I, the major premise is:

Syllogism 1I Given the following syllogism: No unpopular monarchs are autocrats with vision, so some autocrats without vision are not insane leaders, for some sane leaders are popular monarchs. -For Syllogism 1I, the major premise is:

Syllogism 3I Given the following syllogism: Taffy must not be a dog because Taffy climbs trees and dogs never climb trees. -After translating Syllogism 3I into standard form, the conclusion is:

Given the following enthymeme: The office is closed today, because today is Sunday. The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:

Syllogism 4I Given the following syllogism: Games are not fun unless they are challenging, so chess is fun, because chess is challenging. -For Syllogism 4I, the major premise is:

Sorites 1I Given the following sorites: Some M are H. All G are Q. All S are G. -For Sorites 1I, the correct answer is:

Given the following enthymeme: Anyone who smokes is asking for trouble, and Fred smokes two packs per day. The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is: