Question 1

Sorites 1H
Given the following sorites:
All R are F.
Some K are N.
No R are A.

-For Sorites 1H, the correct standard form is:
A) Some A are not K.
Some K are N.
No N are F.

B) Some K are N.
No N are F.
No R are A.

C) No N are F.
Some K are N.
All R are F.

D) Some K are N.
No N are F.
All R are F.

E) Some K are not N.
All N are F.
No R are F.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sorites 1H
Given the following sorites:
All R are...

Question 2

Given the following enthymeme: Only dentists are invited, and Dr. Klein is not a dentist.
The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:
A) All dentists are persons invited. (Conclusion)
B) Dr. Klein is not invited. (Conclusion)
C) All persons invited are dentists. (Premise)
D) Dr. Klein is invited. (Conclusion)
E) No persons identical to Dr. Klein are dentists. (Conclusion)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Given the following enthymeme: Only dentists are...

Question 3

Syllogism 3H
Given the following syllogism:
A few snakes have fangs, so there are snakes that are not friendly, for whatever has fangs is unfriendly.
-For Syllogism 3H, the minor premise is:
A) All animals with fangs are unfriendly animals.
B) Some snakes are animals with fangs.
C) No animals with fangs are friendly animals.
D) Some snakes are not friendly animals.
E) Some snakes are not animals with fangs.

Accepted Answer

The minor premise provides specific information about a subset of the subject of the conclusion. In this case, it's about "some snakes" being "animals with fangs," which directly relates to the given syllogism's argument about snakes, fangs, and friendliness.

Question 4

Sorites 1H
Given the following sorites:
All R are F.
Some K are N.
No R are A.

-For Sorites 1H, the first intermediate conclusion is:
A) Some K are F.
B) No N are R.
C) Some K are not F.
D) No A are F.
E) Some F are not K.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sorites 1H
Given the following sorites:
All R are...

Question 5

Syllogism 4H
Given the following syllogism:
Trudy must read biographies, because Trudy likes biographies and Trudy reads what she likes.
-For Syllogism 4H, the minor premise is:
A) All persons identical to Trudy are persons who read what they like.
B) Some books Trudy likes are biographies.
C) All books Trudy likes are books Trudy reads.
D) All books Trudy reads are books Trudy likes.
E) All persons identical to Trudy are persons who read biographies.

Accepted Answer

The minor premise in a syllogism is the one that links the subject of the conclusion with the middle term. Here, "Trudy reads what she likes" is the minor premise, which corresponds to choice C.

Question 6

Syllogism 2H
Given the following syllogism:
No happy marriages are planned arrangements, so some unplanned arrangements are fulfilling relationships, because some unhappy marriages are not unfulfilling relationships.
-After reducing the number of terms in Syllogism 2H, the conclusion is:
A) No happy marriages are planned arrangements.
B) Some fulfilling relationships are not happy marriages.
C) Some happy marriages are not fulfilling relationships.
D) Some planned arrangements are not fulfilling relationships.
E) Some fulfilling relationships are not planned arrangements.

Accepted Answer

The conclusion is derived from the premises that some unplanned arrangements are fulfilling relationships and no happy marriages are planned arrangements, leading to the conclusion that some fulfilling relationships are not planned arrangements.

Question 7

Syllogism 1H
Given the following syllogism:
No unsigned paintings are expensive art works, since no signed paintings are framed prints, and all unframed prints are inexpensive art works.
-For Syllogism 1H, the major premise is:
A) All expensive art works are signed paintings.
B) All signed paintings are unframed prints.
C) All framed prints are expensive art works.
D) No signed paintings are framed prints.
E) All expensive art works are framed prints.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Syllogism 1H
Given the following syllogism:
No unsigned paintings...

Question 8

Syllogism 1H
Given the following syllogism:
No unsigned paintings are expensive art works, since no signed paintings are framed prints, and all unframed prints are inexpensive art works.
-After reducing the number of terms in Syllogism 1H, the conclusion is:
A) All expensive art works are framed prints.
B) All signed paintings are expensive art works.
C) All expensive art works are signed paintings.
D) No signed paintings are framed prints.
E) No unframed prints are expensive art works.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Syllogism 1H
Given the following syllogism:
No unsigned paintings...

Question 9

Syllogism 1H
Given the following syllogism:
No unsigned paintings are expensive art works, since no signed paintings are framed prints, and all unframed prints are inexpensive art works.
-For Syllogism 1H, the minor premise is:
A) All signed paintings are unframed prints.
B) No signed paintings are framed prints.
C) All expensive art works are signed paintings.
D) All signed paintings are expensive art works.
E) All expensive art works are framed prints.

Accepted Answer

The minor premise is the second statement in the syllogism that establishes a connection between the subject and predicate of the conclusion. In this case, the minor premise states that "No signed paintings are framed prints." Choice B matches this statement and is therefore the correct answer.

Question 10

Syllogism 3H
Given the following syllogism:
A few snakes have fangs, so there are snakes that are not friendly, for whatever has fangs is unfriendly.
-For Syllogism 3H, the major premise is:
A) No snakes with fangs are friendly animals.
B) All animals with fangs are unfriendly animals.
C) Some snakes are animals with fangs.
D) Some snakes are not friendly animals.
E) No animals with fangs are friendly animals.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Syllogism 3H
Given the following syllogism:
A few snakes...

Question 11

Given the following enthymeme: Suzanne must be smart. After all, she earns 'A's.
The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:
A) Not all Suzanne's grades are 'A's. (Premise)
B) Suzanne is a smart student. (Conclusion)
C) Every smart student earns 'A's. (Premise)
D) Suzanne will graduate with honors. (Conclusion)
E) Anyone who earns 'A's is smart. (Premise)

Accepted Answer

To convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism, we need a premise that connects earning 'A's with being smart. Option E, "Anyone who earns 'A's is smart," serves as the missing premise that links the observation of Suzanne earning 'A's to the conclusion that Suzanne must be smart.

Question 12

Sorites 1H
Given the following sorites:
All R are F.
Some K are N.
No R are A.

-For Sorites 1H, the correct answer is:
A) Valid.
B) Invalid.
C) Sound
D) Cogent
E) Uncogent

Accepted Answer

From the premises, we cannot logically conclude anything about the relationship between K and R, as there is no direct statement about their relationship. Therefore, the argument is invalid.

Question 13

Syllogism 4H
Given the following syllogism:
Trudy must read biographies, because Trudy likes biographies and Trudy reads what she likes.
-For Syllogism 4H, the major premise is:
A) All books Trudy likes are biographies.
B) Some books Trudy likes are biographies.
C) All persons identical to Trudy are persons who like biographies.
D) All persons who read what they like are persons identical to Trudy.
E) Some books Trudy likes are not biographies.

Accepted Answer

The major premise is that Trudy likes biographies, which implies that among the books she likes, there are biographies, but it does not necessarily mean all books she likes are biographies.

Question 14

Given the following enthymeme: Whenever housing prices rise landlords prosper, and housing prices are rising now.
The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:
A) Landlords are prospering now. (Conclusion)
B) All persons who own houses are landlords. (Premise)
C) Landlords prosper when housing prices rise. (Premise)
D) Housing prices rise when interest rates fall. (Premise)
E) All landlords are persons who own houses. (Conclusion)

Accepted Answer

The enthymeme already contains two premises, so the statement needed to convert it into a valid syllogism should be the conclusion. Option A is the conclusion that logically follows from the two premises, making it the best choice.

Question 15

Syllogism 3H
Given the following syllogism:
A few snakes have fangs, so there are snakes that are not friendly, for whatever has fangs is unfriendly.
-After translating Syllogism 3H into standard form, the conclusion is:
A) Some snakes are not friendly animals.
B) No snakes are friendly animals.
C) Some friendly animals are not snakes.
D) Some snakes are friendly animals.
E) No animals with fangs are friendly animals.

Accepted Answer

The syllogism states that "A few snakes have fangs, so there are snakes that are not friendly, for whatever has fangs is unfriendly." 
This can be translated into the following standard form: 
Premise 1: Some snakes have fangs. (I - particular affirmative) 
Premise 2: Whatever has fangs is unfriendly. (A - universal affirmative) 
Conclusion: Therefore, some snakes are not friendly animals. (I - particular affirmative)

Therefore, the best choice is A as it matches the conclusion of the syllogism in standard form.

Question 16

Sorites 1H
Given the following sorites:
All R are F.
Some K are N.
No R are A.

-For Sorites 1H, the second intermediate conclusion is:
A) No A are F.
B) No F are N.
C) Some K are R.
D) Some F are not K.
E) Some K are not R.

Accepted Answer

The second premise tells us that "Some K are N." The third premise tells us that "No R are A." When we combine these two premises and apply the universal negative inference rule, we get "Some K are not R." Therefore, the correct answer is E.

Question 17

Syllogism 4H
Given the following syllogism:
Trudy must read biographies, because Trudy likes biographies and Trudy reads what she likes.
-After translating Syllogism 4H into standard form, the conclusion is:
A) All persons identical to Trudy are persons who read what they like.
B) All persons identical to Trudy are persons who read biographies.
C) All books Trudy reads are biographies.
D) Some books Trudy reads are biographies.
E) Some books Trudy likes are biographies.

Accepted Answer

The conclusion that can be directly drawn from the premises is that Trudy reads some biographies, since it's stated she reads what she likes and she likes biographies. This doesn't necessarily mean all books she reads are biographies, just that biographies are among the books she reads.

Question 18

Given the following sorites: Some M are R.
All R are H.
All H are D.
No K are D.
Some K are not M.
This sorites is:
A) Invalid because a term is distributed in the conclusion but not in the premise.
B) Invalid because a universal premise requires a universal conclusion.
C) Invalid because a term is distributed in a premise but not in the conclusion.
D) Valid because a particular premise requires a particular conclusion.
E) Valid because no rules are broken.

Accepted Answer

The sorites is invalid because the term "D" is distributed in the conclusion ("No K are D") but not in the premises.

Question 19

Syllogism 2H
Given the following syllogism:
No happy marriages are planned arrangements, so some unplanned arrangements are fulfilling relationships, because some unhappy marriages are not unfulfilling relationships.
-For Syllogism 2H, the major premise is:
A) All happy marriages are unplanned arrangements.
B) Some unhappy marriages are fulfilling relationships.
C) Some fulfilling relationships are not planned arrangements.
D) No happy marriages are planned arrangements.
E) Some happy marriages are fulfilling relationships.

Accepted Answer

The major premise of the syllogism is "No happy marriages are planned arrangements," which is equivalent to saying "All planned arrangements are not happy marriages." This means that the statement "No happy marriages are planned arrangements" is a universal negative proposition, and only choice D expresses this proposition.

Question 20

Syllogism 2H
Given the following syllogism:
No happy marriages are planned arrangements, so some unplanned arrangements are fulfilling relationships, because some unhappy marriages are not unfulfilling relationships.
-For Syllogism 2H, the minor premise is:
A) Some happy marriages are fulfilling relationships.
B) All happy marriages are planned arrangements.
C) Some fulfilling relationships are not happy marriages.
D) Some planned arrangements are not fulfilling relationships.
E) Some fulfilling relationships are not planned arrangements.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Syllogism 2H
Given the following syllogism:
No happy marriages...

Quiz 5: Categorical Syllogisms

Sorites 1H Given the following sorites: All R are F. Some K are N. No R are A. -For Sorites 1H, the correct standard form is:

Given the following enthymeme: Only dentists are invited, and Dr. Klein is not a dentist. The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:

Syllogism 3H Given the following syllogism: A few snakes have fangs, so there are snakes that are not friendly, for whatever has fangs is unfriendly. -For Syllogism 3H, the minor premise is:

Sorites 1H Given the following sorites: All R are F. Some K are N. No R are A. -For Sorites 1H, the first intermediate conclusion is:

Syllogism 4H Given the following syllogism: Trudy must read biographies, because Trudy likes biographies and Trudy reads what she likes. -For Syllogism 4H, the minor premise is:

Syllogism 2H Given the following syllogism: No happy marriages are planned arrangements, so some unplanned arrangements are fulfilling relationships, because some unhappy marriages are not unfulfilling relationships. -After reducing the number of terms in Syllogism 2H, the conclusion is:

Syllogism 1H Given the following syllogism: No unsigned paintings are expensive art works, since no signed paintings are framed prints, and all unframed prints are inexpensive art works. -For Syllogism 1H, the major premise is:

Syllogism 1H Given the following syllogism: No unsigned paintings are expensive art works, since no signed paintings are framed prints, and all unframed prints are inexpensive art works. -After reducing the number of terms in Syllogism 1H, the conclusion is:

Syllogism 1H Given the following syllogism: No unsigned paintings are expensive art works, since no signed paintings are framed prints, and all unframed prints are inexpensive art works. -For Syllogism 1H, the minor premise is:

Syllogism 3H Given the following syllogism: A few snakes have fangs, so there are snakes that are not friendly, for whatever has fangs is unfriendly. -For Syllogism 3H, the major premise is:

Given the following enthymeme: Suzanne must be smart. After all, she earns 'A's. The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:

Sorites 1H Given the following sorites: All R are F. Some K are N. No R are A. -For Sorites 1H, the correct answer is:

Syllogism 4H Given the following syllogism: Trudy must read biographies, because Trudy likes biographies and Trudy reads what she likes. -For Syllogism 4H, the major premise is:

Given the following enthymeme: Whenever housing prices rise landlords prosper, and housing prices are rising now. The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:

Syllogism 3H Given the following syllogism: A few snakes have fangs, so there are snakes that are not friendly, for whatever has fangs is unfriendly. -After translating Syllogism 3H into standard form, the conclusion is:

Sorites 1H Given the following sorites: All R are F. Some K are N. No R are A. -For Sorites 1H, the second intermediate conclusion is:

Syllogism 4H Given the following syllogism: Trudy must read biographies, because Trudy likes biographies and Trudy reads what she likes. -After translating Syllogism 4H into standard form, the conclusion is:

Given the following sorites: Some M are R. All R are H. All H are D. No K are D. Some K are not M. This sorites is:

Syllogism 2H Given the following syllogism: No happy marriages are planned arrangements, so some unplanned arrangements are fulfilling relationships, because some unhappy marriages are not unfulfilling relationships. -For Syllogism 2H, the major premise is:

Syllogism 2H Given the following syllogism: No happy marriages are planned arrangements, so some unplanned arrangements are fulfilling relationships, because some unhappy marriages are not unfulfilling relationships. -For Syllogism 2H, the minor premise is: