Question 1

ABA Designs Identify the treatment(s) in an ABACAD design.

Accepted Answer

In an ABACAD design, each letter corresponds to a phase of the experiment: A is the baseline or control phase, B is the first intervention phase, C is the withdrawal phase, D is the second intervention phase, and A is the second baseline or control phase. Therefore, all phases (B, C, and D) correspond to treatment conditions in this design.

Question 2

ABA Designs What was the dependent variable in the Jones and Friman (1999) study of insect phobia?

Accepted Answer

The answer of ABA Designs What was the dependent variable...

Question 3

ABA Designs During which phase of his A₁B₁A₂B₂A₃study did Hall et al demonstrate a reversal in Jim's clothes-dropping?

Accepted Answer

Hall et al demonstrated a reversal in Jim's clothes-dropping during A₂, which is the phase where they introduced the red sweater as a discriminative stimulus for wearing clothes. Jim learned to wear clothes in the presence of the red sweater and the behavior persisted even when the red sweater was removed, indicating that a functional relationship had been established between the discriminative stimulus and the behavior.

Question 4

ABA Designs Which of these belong(s) to the ABA family of designs?

Accepted Answer

All the listed designs (ABA, ABAB, ABABA) are variations of the ABA design, which is a type of single-subject experimental design used in behavioral research.

Question 5

ABA Designs In an ABA design, the second "A" refers to

Accepted Answer

In an ABA design, the second "A" refers to a return to the baseline condition, meaning that the experimental condition is introduced and then removed to observe whether the behavior returns to its previous baseline level. Therefore, the correct answer is A.

Question 6

ABA Designs The Miller and Kelley (1994) study used goal setting and contingencies to improve the homework performance of two boys and two girls.Which design was used to demonstrate that improved homework performance was due to goal setting and contingencies?

Accepted Answer

The ABAB design, also known as a reversal design, was used to demonstrate the effectiveness of goal setting and contingencies on homework performance by introducing the intervention and then withdrawing it to see if changes in behavior (homework performance) corresponded with the presence of the intervention.

Question 7

ABA Designs To draw conclusions about the effectiveness of an experimental manipulation, the most critical component of the ABA design is the demonstration that

Accepted Answer

The ABA design involves three phases: baseline (A), treatment (B), and return to baseline (A). The most critical component of this design is that after the experimental manipulation (phase B), the behavior should return to the baseline level of responding when the treatment is removed and the participant returns to the initial conditions (phase A). This demonstrates that the experimental manipulation was the cause of any changes in behavior observed during phase B.

Question 8

ABA Designs Researchers use the ABA design to

Accepted Answer

The ABA design involves measuring a behavior during a baseline period (A), implementing an experimental intervention (B), and then returning to the baseline period (A) to see if the behavior returns to its original level. This design is used to demonstrate that the behavior returns to its baseline level when the experimental intervention is removed, which is the best choice - A.

Question 9

ABA Designs In an ABA design, the first "A" refers to ____ while the second "A" refers to

Accepted Answer

In an ABA design, the first "A" represents the baseline behavior, where observations are made without any intervention to establish a control level for the behavior. The second "A" refers to the return to baseline behavior after the intervention (represented by "B") has been withdrawn, to assess if changes observed during the intervention are maintained or if behavior returns to baseline levels.

Question 10

ABA Designs How many times does an ABACAD design return a subject to baseline?

Accepted Answer

An ABACAD design returns a subject to baseline twice, as there are two A phases separated by two different interventions (B and C) before returning to the A phase again.

Question 11

ABA Designs Hall and colleagues (1971) used an ABABA design in his behavior modification study.This was a variation of the ____ design.

Accepted Answer

The ABABA design is a variation of the ABA design. In the ABABA design, the baseline phase (A) is followed by an intervention phase (B), which is then followed by a return to baseline (A), another intervention phase (B), and a final return to baseline (A). This design allows the researcher to assess the effects of the intervention by comparing the behavior during the intervention phases to the behavior during the baseline phases.

Question 12

ABA Designs In an ABA experiment, the researcher attempts to demonstrate a causal relationship between the independent variable and changes in the subject's behavior.To achieve this, it is essential that the researcher

Accepted Answer

In an ABA design, the sequence involves an initial baseline period (A), an intervention or treatment period (B), and then a return to the baseline condition (A). This return to the control condition (A) after the experimental manipulation (B) is crucial for demonstrating that any changes in the subject's behavior can be attributed to the intervention.

Question 13

ABA Designs You are a researcher planning a small N study in which you will test the impact of two levels of an independent variable.Which design will you employ to establish a causal relationship?

Accepted Answer

The answer of ABA Designs You are a researcher planning...

Question 14

ABA Designs Where does a reversal occur in an ABABA design?

Accepted Answer

In an ABABA design, a reversal occurs when the intervention (B) is withdrawn and the original condition (A) is reinstated, which happens from the first B to the second A.

Question 15

ABA Designs Which phase of the Hall et al A₁B₁A₂B₂A₃study provided a postcheck on Jim's clothes-dropping?

Accepted Answer

Phase A₃ provided a postcheck on Jim's clothes-dropping because it involved the implementation of the intervention (reminder for Jim to ask for help) and the data collection occurred afterwards to see if the intervention was effective in reducing the behavior.

Question 16

ABA Designs In an ABABA design, the first "A" refers to ____ while the first "B" refers to

Accepted Answer

In an ABABA design, the first "A" refers to baseline behavior (the initial behavior or condition before any manipulation is made) and the first "B" refers to experimental manipulation (the intervention or treatment that is intended to change the behavior or condition). The second "A" refers to returning to the initial baseline behavior, and the second "B" refers to another round of experimental manipulation. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

Question 17

ABA Designs In Alex's small N design to train his Newfoundland dog Boatswain to stop chasing the neighbor's cat, each condition lasts one week.
Week 1: Alex measures how often Boatswain chases the cat.
Week 2: Alex squirts Boatswain with a water bottle whenever he chases
The cat.
Week 3: Alex measures how often Boatswain chases the cat.
Week 4: Alex squirts Boatswain with a water bottle whenever he chases
The cat.
During which week should Alex see a rebound in Boatswain's cat chasing?

Accepted Answer

A rebound effect is when the behavior that was previously suppressed by the punishment (being squirted with water) increases when the punishment is no longer present. Therefore, if there is going to be a rebound effect, it would likely occur in Week 3 when Alex measures how often Boatswain chases the cat again after not being squirted with water for a week.

Question 18

ABA Designs Alex uses a small N design to train his Newfoundland dog Boatswain to stop chasing the neighbor's cat.Each condition lasts for one week.
Week 1: Alex measures how often Boatswain chases the cat.
Week 2: Alex squirts Boatswain with a water bottle whenever he chases
The cat.
Week 3: Alex measures how often Boatswain chases the cat.
Week 4: Alex squirts Boatswain with a water bottle whenever he chases
The cat.
Which design is this?

Accepted Answer

This is an ABAB design, also known as a reversal design or withdrawal design. It involves measuring baseline behavior (condition A), introducing an intervention (condition B), reversing back to baseline (condition A), and then reintroducing the intervention (condition B) again to see if the behavior changes. In this case, Alex is measuring how often Boatswain chases the cat (condition A), then using the water bottle intervention to try to stop the behavior (condition B), then measuring again to see if the behavior changes (condition A), and finally using the water bottle intervention again to see if it is consistently effective (condition B).

Question 19

ABA Designs The "B" in an ABA design refers to

Accepted Answer

In an ABA design, "A" refers to the baseline condition, while "B" refers to the experimental condition where the intervention or treatment is applied.

Question 20

ABA Designs The use of the ABA design to test more than one experimental condition requires that we

Accepted Answer

The ABA design involves returning to the baseline condition after each experimental condition to observe changes and ensure that the effects are due to the experimental manipulation.

Quiz 12: Within-Subjects Designs: Small N