Question 1

The French police, including the Gendarmerie Nationale, were originally elected officials.

Accepted Answer

The French police, including the Gendarmerie Nationale, were not elected officials; they have always been appointed as part of the state's law enforcement agencies.

Question 2

The type of police that exist in a society are a product of patterns of social organization, perceptions of crime and disorder, and:

Accepted Answer

Elite interests often shape the structure and function of police forces to maintain social order and protect the status quo, reflecting the priorities of those in power.

Question 3

The emergence of mutual responsibility for wrongs doe by individual group members leads to:

Accepted Answer

The emergence of mutual responsibility for wrongs done by individual group members can lead to group interest in behavior control to prevent future wrongs, feuds as a result of collective blame, and informal policing to monitor and regulate behavior within the group.

Question 4

According to Klockars, when specific individuals have a primary occupation of policing we have developed:

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Klockars, when specific individuals have...

Question 5

In general, the police of the central state are likely to be:

Accepted Answer

The police of the central state are typically responsible for a wide range of functions, including maintaining public order, enforcing laws, and providing general security. They are often nationally organized, meaning they operate under a unified command structure that spans the entire country. Additionally, in some cases, the police force can be used for political repression, especially in authoritarian regimes where the government may use police power to suppress dissent and control the population.

Question 6

The police in France, according to Stead, have been most greatly affected by the power of the French nobility.

Accepted Answer

Stead's observations primarily highlight the influence of the French Revolution and subsequent political changes on French institutions, including the police, rather than attributing major influence to the power of the French nobility.

Question 7

Informal and transitional policing forms are normally:

Accepted Answer

Informal and transitional policing forms do not necessarily fit neatly into categories such as vocational, mandatory, or long-lived. These forms of policing can vary widely in their characteristics, depending on the context and community in which they operate.

Question 8

The police, as an instrument of social control, are expected to:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The police, as an instrument of social...

Question 9

According to Lundman, the type of policing that exists when members of society share police responsibility is:

Accepted Answer

Informal policing refers to a situation where members of the community share the responsibility of policing, rather than relying solely on official, formal police forces. This can include community watch programs, neighborhood patrols, and other forms of community involvement in maintaining order and safety.

Question 10

Beginning with the reign of Augustus, Roman society changed to the point where citizens owed allegiance to the emperor. The most important rival to the emperor in Roman society was the:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Beginning with the reign of Augustus, Roman...

Question 11

A central theme throughout the history of police development in 19th century Italy was:

Accepted Answer

The central theme in the development of police in 19th century Italy was a crisis of law and order, as the country faced various challenges in establishing a unified legal and policing system amidst its unification process.

Question 12

At some point in history, every industrial society has created a police vocation.

Accepted Answer

Every industrial society has developed some form of police vocation to maintain order, enforce laws, and provide public safety as part of their governance and societal structure.

Question 13

In its earliest forms, social control was the product of police action.

Accepted Answer

Social control predates the establishment of police forces and includes various mechanisms such as customs, norms, and laws used by societies to regulate individual behavior and maintain social order.

Question 14

Research indicates that the emergence of formal police is linked to social changes like:

Accepted Answer

The emergence of formal police forces is closely linked to the development of role specialization, a process where different members of society begin to specialize in specific roles or jobs. This specialization increases as societies become more complex, necessitating formal mechanisms, like police forces, to maintain order and enforce laws.

Question 15

The rise of policing in society is linked to:

Accepted Answer

The rise of policing in society is linked to multiple factors, including the emergence of political leaders who enforce laws, the rise of the state as a unit of government that necessitates a system of law enforcement, and the definition of individual wrongs as "crime," which requires policing to maintain social order and protect citizens.

Question 16

A historical perspective allows one to:

Accepted Answer

A historical perspective provides insights into past events and trends, which can help anticipate future developments, evaluate the effectiveness of previous reforms, and identify long-lasting elements in policing.

Question 17

The type of social organization that exists when members of the group share values, beliefs, and activities is:

Accepted Answer

Mechanical solidarity is the type of social organization that exists in traditional, agrarian societies where people share similar work, educational, and religious activities, leading to a strong collective conscience and shared values and beliefs.

Question 18

Social elites in England and the United States called for the creation of police to control:

Accepted Answer

Social elites in England and the United States advocated for the creation of police forces primarily to control what they referred to as "the dangerous classes," a term that denoted the poor and working-class populations they perceived as a threat to social order and property.

Question 19

Where the state acquires dominance over lower social groups, interests in order outweigh liberty interests.

Accepted Answer

This statement reflects a common perspective in political theory and sociology, where the state prioritizes maintaining social order and its own dominance over the individual liberties of lower social groups, often leading to a reduction in personal freedoms for those groups.

Question 20

Fosdick observed that there are two models of the police, a British model and:

Accepted Answer

Fosdick identified the British model and the continental model as two distinct approaches to policing.

Quiz 2: The Early History of Policing