Question 1

Divorce does not seem to affect children if:

Accepted Answer

Divorce can affect children of all ages, including pre-kindergarten, elementary school age, and adolescents. The impact varies depending on a range of factors, including the child's age, personality, and the circumstances of the divorce, but no age group is immune to potential effects.

Question 2

Parents who used new reproductive technologies like ICSI or IVF:

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that parents who have undergone fertility treatments such as ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection) or IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) tend to be more protective of their children. This heightened protectiveness is often attributed to the challenges and efforts involved in conceiving, which can lead to a deeper appreciation and concern for the well-being of their child.

Question 3

Available information suggests that divorce affects children because:

Accepted Answer

Divorce can lead to various changes in a child's life, including growing up in a single-parent household, loss of a familiar home and lifestyle, and potentially experiencing lower-quality parenting due to the stresses and challenges faced by the parents during and after the divorce process.

Question 4

The most difficult time for families experiencing a divorce is:

Accepted Answer

The first year after the divorce is typically the most difficult time for families as they adjust to the significant changes in their lives, including living arrangements, financial situations, and emotional dynamics.

Question 5

Available evidence on children of gay parents suggests that compared with children of heterosexual parents:

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that children of gay parents show no appreciable differences in emotional or social problems compared to children of heterosexual parents. Studies have consistently found that parental sexual orientation does not negatively affect children's well-being.

Question 6

A form of postdivorce child custody in which the child is exclusively with either the mother or the father:

Accepted Answer

Sole custody refers to an arrangement where only one parent has the full custody rights and responsibilities towards the child, meaning the child lives exclusively with that parent and they make all the major decisions regarding the child's life.

Question 7

After divorce, children's contact with their nonresident parent:

Accepted Answer

Contact with the nonresident parent after divorce is linked with positive adjustment in children when the parents can agree on childrearing methods and maintain a cordial relationship. This agreement and cordiality help in providing a stable and less conflicting environment for the child, which is crucial for their adjustment and well-being.

Question 8

Significant differences emerge across cultures in the association between parenting behavior and child outcomes with regard to:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Significant differences emerge across cultures in the...

Question 9

A form of postdivorce child custody in which parents make decisions together regarding their child's life and also share physical custody so that the child lives with each parent for about half the time is labeled:

Accepted Answer

Joint physical custody involves both parents sharing physical custody of the child, meaning the child lives with each parent for approximately equal amounts of time. This arrangement allows both parents to be actively involved in the child's daily life.

Question 10

Children in single-mother families:

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that children in single-mother families may experience less secure attachments compared to those in two-parent families, often due to factors like stress and reduced parental availability. Choices B and C are not universally supported by evidence, as outcomes can vary widely based on individual circumstances and the presence of income disparities is a significant factor affecting child well-being in single-parent families.

Question 11

Divorce creates special risks for children in terms of:

Accepted Answer

Divorce can lead to a range of negative outcomes for children, including increased likelihood of skipping school or being suspended, higher rates of teen pregnancy, and elevated levels of distress and depression. These risks are associated with the upheaval and emotional stress that often accompany divorce.

Question 12

Divorce is more likely when:

Accepted Answer

Divorce is more likely when spouses have poor communication skills or mental health problems, as these issues can lead to misunderstandings, conflicts, and dissatisfaction in the marriage.

Question 13

U.S. families today are different from those 40 years ago in that:

Accepted Answer

All of the statements are correct. More mothers work outside the home now compared to 40 years ago, couples tend to marry and have children at older ages, and the divorce rate has increased, indicating significant changes in family structures and dynamics over the past four decades.

Question 14

Which of the following is not true about the different ways in which divorce affects boys and girls:

Accepted Answer

The statement that girls and boys are equally affected and differ principally in their willingness to disclose distress is not true. Research indicates that boys and girls may experience and react to divorce differently, with variations in externalizing or internalizing distress, and differences in the timing and intensity of their reactions.

Question 15

A form of postdivorce child custody in which both parents retain and share responsibility for decisions regarding the child's life, although the child usually resides with one parent is described as:

Accepted Answer

Joint legal custody allows both parents to make decisions about their child's life, such as education and healthcare, even if the child primarily lives with one parent. Joint physical custody, on the other hand, involves the child spending significant time living with both parents. Sole custody grants one parent full responsibility for the child, and quasi joint custody is not a commonly recognized term in family law.

Question 16

The existing research on the relation between maternal employment and child adjustment suggests that:

Accepted Answer

The relationship between maternal employment and child adjustment is complex and varies depending on various factors, including the quality of the child's care, the mother's reasons for working, and the family's socioeconomic status. Therefore, it is not solely positive or negative but depends on individual differences among mothers and children.

Question 17

Compared with younger mothers, older mothers:

Accepted Answer

Older mothers often have more life experience, financial stability, and emotional maturity, which can contribute to them enjoying parenthood more. They may feel more prepared and capable of handling the responsibilities and challenges of parenting, leading to a greater enjoyment of being a parent.

Question 18

Adoptees are less able to overcome their early disadvantages if:

Accepted Answer

Adoptees face greater challenges in overcoming early disadvantages if they are adopted after infancy, were exposed prenatally to drugs or alcohol, or had multiple placements in foster care, as all these factors can contribute to developmental, emotional, and health-related issues.

Question 19

Divorce does not seem to affect children as much if they:

Accepted Answer

Children who are psychologically healthy, intelligent, and have an easy temperament are generally more resilient and better able to cope with the stress of their parents' divorce, making all of the options correct.

Question 20

The effects of divorce on boys and girls can be best described as follows:

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that while both boys and girls are significantly affected by divorce, the ways in which they experience and react to the effects can differ. Boys may exhibit more externalizing behaviors, such as aggression, while girls might display more internalizing behaviors, such as depression. Thus, the impact is not about the degree of effect but rather the nature of the response.

Quiz 7: Family: Early and Enduring Influences