Question 1

Grady believes that if men define situations as real, then they are real in their consequences. Grady supports:

Accepted Answer

Grady's belief aligns with the concept of the Social Construction of Reality, which posits that our perceptions of reality are shaped by the subjective meaning we ascribe to experiences, rather than being inherently objective. This perspective emphasizes that what people believe to be real will have real consequences in their actions and interactions.

Question 2

Lydia and Marissa are both Hispanic women in their late 20s. This scenario illustrates:

Accepted Answer

The scenario illustrates "Demographic Similarity" because it mentions that Lydia and Marissa are both Hispanic women in their late 20s, highlighting their shared demographic characteristics.

Question 3

According to the functionalists, every society needs to have some common thoughts, beliefs and attitudes. This means that a society needs:

Accepted Answer

Functionalists believe that unity and purpose are essential for maintaining social cohesion and stability, as they provide a shared framework of values and goals.

Question 4

On a job interview, Homer wants to present himself as professional and organized. When he goes into his briefcase to pull out a copy of his resume, Homer realizes that he does not have it. When Homer realizes that his act has failed, he experiences:

Accepted Answer

Embarrassment occurs when an individual realizes that they have failed to meet social expectations or perform adequately in a social role, as in Homer's case where he forgot his resume during a job interview.

Question 5

At the presidential inauguration, the speakers stand away from the audience. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Public distance is used for speaking to an audience or larger groups, typically ranging from about 12 to 25 feet or more, which is common in situations like a presidential inauguration.

Question 6

Crystal is concerned with the functional requisite that deals with the creation of social norms and laws. She is concerned with:

Accepted Answer

The functional requisite that deals with the creation of social norms and laws is concerned with establishing and maintaining social order. This involves the development of shared rules and regulations that govern the behavior of members within a society, ensuring that social interactions are predictable and orderly.

Question 7

Ronald believes that the various elements of society fit together like pieces of a puzzle. Ronald is a :

Accepted Answer

Ronald's belief that the various elements of society fit together like pieces of a puzzle aligns with the functionalist perspective, which views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability.

Question 8

Mary Jo is interviewing for a new position with Disney Productions. At the interview, Mary Jo is seated 5 feet away from the interviewers. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Social distance ranges from about 4 to 12 feet and is used for interactions among acquaintances or in formal settings, which fits the scenario of an interview.

Question 9

Stephanie wants a promotion on her job. She always agrees with her boss' opinions and often says that the boss' ideas are "brilliant!" This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Stephanie is engaging in Supervisor-Focused Impression Management by aligning her opinions with her boss's and complimenting the boss's ideas, aiming to create a favorable impression to gain a promotion.

Question 10

Rita often sees her boss at Starbucks getting coffee before work. Rita uses these "chance meetings" to show her boss how friendly she is and to occasionally boast on her professional accomplishments. This illustrates:

Accepted Answer

Self-Focused Impression Management is the attempt to create a positive impression of oneself by highlighting one's own accomplishments and positive qualities.

Question 11

The idea that life is like acting is called:

Accepted Answer

Dramaturgy is the sociological concept that likens life to a stage play, where individuals present themselves in a way that is favorable to them, much like actors performing a role in a play. This concept was developed by Erving Goffman.

Question 12

In the U.S., children are taught to value education, to respect authority, and to be patriotic. This is an example of which task of society?

Accepted Answer

Socialization and orientation are processes through which children are taught the norms, values, and practices of a society, including valuing education, respecting authority, and being patriotic.

Question 13

Craig is dating Natalie. He wants her parents to like him so he works hard to show them that he is respectful, polite, and charming. His attempt to shape how they view him is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Craig's behavior is an example of Impression Management, which is the process of controlling the impressions others form about an individual, especially by consciously managing and manipulating the information presented to others in social interactions.

Question 14

Zhou Ping just arrived in the U.S. and wants to know the normal distance Americans keep between them when they are engaging in normal conversations. Zhou Ping is concerned about:

Accepted Answer

In American culture, "Personal Distance" is the space people generally maintain between themselves and others during normal, casual conversations. This distance typically ranges from about 1.5 to 4 feet, allowing for a more personal interaction while still respecting personal space.

Question 15

Around others, Winston appears to be tolerant of people from all walks of life. However, when he gets around his family and close friends he openly discusses his beliefs about the superiority of his racial group and the inferiority of other racial groups. This reflects Winston's__________ behavior.

Accepted Answer

Backstage behavior refers to actions and attitudes that individuals express in private settings, often revealing their true beliefs and feelings, as opposed to the more socially acceptable behaviors they display in public (front stage).

Question 16

The Thomas Theorem is in line with:

Accepted Answer

The Thomas Theorem, which states that "if people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences," aligns with Symbolic Interactionism. This sociological perspective emphasizes the importance of subjective meanings and the way these meanings influence human behavior and interaction.

Question 17

When Ted was convicted of murder, all of the neighbors were very surprised. They all said, "He seemed like such a nice young man." The part of himself that Ted showed to the neighbors was the:

Accepted Answer

The concept of "front stage" behavior, as defined by sociologist Erving Goffman, refers to the way an individual presents themselves to the public or in social settings, often portraying an idealized version of themselves. Ted's behavior around his neighbors, which led them to believe he was a "nice young man," is an example of front stage behavior, where he presented a socially acceptable and positive image of himself.

Question 18

With the invention of the plow, industrial societies developed.

Accepted Answer

The invention of the plow was a significant advancement in agricultural societies, leading to increased productivity in farming. Industrial societies developed much later, primarily due to advancements in technology and the use of machines during the Industrial Revolution.

Question 19

Durkheim suggested that there are essential features that hold society together. These are called:

Accepted Answer

Durkheim proposed that societies are held together by functional requisites, which are the basic needs that must be met for a society to survive and function effectively.

Question 20

While teaching a class, Professor Holt's stomach growls loudly. Professor Holt makes a self- deprecating joke and laughs along with her students. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

This is an example of face-saving work because Professor Holt is using humor to manage a potentially embarrassing situation, thereby maintaining her social image or "face" in front of her students.

Quiz 4: Social Structure and Interaction