Ghada's Presentation (Scenario) Ghada, the CEO of Excalibur Manufacturing Company, Had Concluded That

Ghada's Presentation (Scenario)
Ghada, the CEO of Excalibur Manufacturing Company, had concluded that the company would have to reduce its employee group by 10 percent within the next four weeks due to a decreased demand for the products the company manufactured. She spent over 30 hours preparing charts, tables, graphs, diagrams, and other forms of visual aids for her presentation to the employees about the upcoming reduction in force so that they could understand the reason and feel better about the company.
-As the employees began to leave the meeting room, some were overheard grumbling that those at the top were just profit-rakers, that it didn't make any difference to Ghada if employees lost their jobs, and that if the company wanted loyalty, it should hire a dog. These statements are the result of which barrier to effective communications?

A) information overload
B) downward communication
C) selective perception
D) defensiveness